PPubMed18 Jan 2025Cited 12×

Synchronized acoustic emission and high-speed imaging of cavitation-induced atomization: The role of shock waves

Abhinav Priyadarshi, Paul Prentice, Dmitry Eskin, Peter D. Lee, Iakovos Tzanakis

Abstract

'Iakovos Tzanakis'] Title: Graphical abstract

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Cavitation‑induced shock waves trigger surface wave instability and atomization, with viscosity controlling shock propagation.

What’s new

i.Synchronized high‑speed imaging with calibrated acoustic emission monitoring of ultrasonic atomization
ii.Direct experimental validation that shock waves from cavitation drive surface‑wave instability and droplet breakup
iii.Quantitative comparison of atomization behavior across liquids of differing viscosity (water, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol)

How they did it

A sessile droplet of each liquid was placed on a 14 mm ultrasonic horn tip and excited at >20 kHz. High‑speed cameras captured capillary‑wave evolution while a calibrated microphone recorded pressure spikes, allowing correlation of acoustic shock events with visual atomization dynamics.

What they found

Capillary‑wave wavelength grew from ~85 µm to ~120 µm within 1.2–1.24 ms (water) with phase velocity ≈2 m/s
Pressure peaks reached ~170 kPa at 3.67 ms and ~200 kPa at ~5 ms during IPA atomization
Measured surface‑wave velocities: DIW 2.1 ± 0.1 m/s, IPA 1.4 ± 0.3 m/s (stable regime)
Experimental surface‑wave frequencies: DIW 23.6 ± 1.2 kHz, IPA 25.1 ± 2 kHz (stable regime)

Caveats

✕Acoustic monitoring was limited to ~14 ms, missing longer‑duration cavitation in high‑viscosity glycerol
✕Study confined to sessile droplets; bulk sprays were not examined
✕Only three liquids were tested, limiting generality across broader property ranges

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