Beyond the Camera Trap: A Systematic Review of Computing Technology Used to Monitor and Interact with (More) Varied Taxa in Zoos and Aquariums

Abstract

'Jake Veasey'] Title: Simple Summary Broad adoption of diverse technologies to monitor and interact with a wide range of species is essential for advancing zoo and aquarium animal welfare and conservation goals. However, a systematic literature review of 125 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024 reveals that cameras were disproportionately represented, with 73 instances of camera or video monitoring across 125 studies. In 40% of studies, cameras were the only technology used, while an additional 18.4% combined cameras with other tools. Overall, camera-based technologies accounted for 48.3% of all technology use instances (n = 151). Most studies focused exclusively on mammals (73.5%). Clearly, technological and taxonomic diversity are not yet fully realized in this body of published research. Incorporating a broader range of tools to support less frequently studied taxa would help researchers better understand and meet the needs of all animals living in managed care. This review highlights how convenience, familiarity, and historical norms may influence which species and research questions receive attention, potentially limiting progress toward equitable welfare for all taxa.