LLMs augmented hierarchical reinforcement learning with action primitives for long-horizon manipulation tasks

Abstract

Deep reinforcement learning methods have shown promising results in learning specific tasks, but struggle to cope with the challenges of long horizon manipulation tasks. As task complexity increases, the large state space and sparse reward make it difficult to collect effective samples through random exploration. Hierarchical reinforcement learning decomposes complex tasks into subtasks, which can reduce the difficulty of skill learning, but still suffers from limitations such as inefficient training and poor transferability. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to encode vast amounts of knowledge about the world and to excel in context-based learning and reasoning tasks. However, applying LLMs to real-world tasks remains challenging due to their lack of grounding in specific task contexts. In this paper, we leverage the planning capabilities of LLMs alongside reinforcement learning (RL) to facilitate learning from the environment. The proposed approach yields a hierarchical agent that combines LLMs with parameterized action primitives (LARAP) to address long-horizon manipulation tasks. Rather than relying solely on LLMs, the agent uses them to guide a high-level policy, improving sample efficiency during training. Experimental results show that LARAP significantly outperforms baseline methods across various simulated manipulation tasks. The source code is available at: [https://github.com/ningzhang-buaa/LARAP-code.]()