How age and sex interaction is associated with immune aging with implications for vaccines and age-related autoimmunity
Reza Gheitasi, Mahnaz Rezaei, Parvaneh Nafisi Fard, Daniela Roel, Sabine Baumgart, Diana Dudziak, Norman Rose, Simon M. Petzinna, Thomas Kamradt, Carsten Watzl, Mathias W. Pletz, Valentin S. Schäfer
Abstract
Immunosenescence is not a uniform decline but a trajectory shaped jointly by age and sex. Using continuous high-dimensional immunophenotyping, we show that aging T cells accumulate a senescent signature of CD28 loss and CD57 gain, and that males reach an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio earlier and more severely than females. We argue that age-by-sex stratification should guide vaccination and geroprotective strategies in an aging population.
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