PPubMed6 Jun 2020Cited 4×

onto2problog: A Probabilistic Ontology-Mediated Querying System using Probabilistic Logic Programming

Timothy van Bremen, Anton Dries, Jean Christoph Jung

Abstract

We present onto2problog, a tool that supports ontology-mediated querying of probabilistic data via probabilistic logic programming engines. Our tool supports conjunctive queries on probabilistic data under ontologies encoded in the description logic $\mathcal{ELH}^{dr}$, thus capturing a large part of the OWL 2 EL profile.

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onto2problog enables complete ontology-mediated querying of probabilistic data in ELH^dr by translating queries to probabilistic logic programs.

What’s new

i.Implemented onto2problog, a complete tool for ontology-mediated querying of probabilistic data in ELH^dr.
ii.Reduced OMQPD to marginal inference in probabilistic logic programs, leveraging ProbLog 2.
iii.Provided a Python library and demonstrated its use on the Lehigh University Benchmark.
iv.Showed that classic ProbLog inference outperforms T_P‑compilation and that first‑order rewritings can be faster.
v.Identified grounding as the main performance bottleneck and suggested future improvements.

How they did it

The authors adapted the combined approach for deterministic ontology-mediated querying to the probabilistic setting, translating each OMQ into a stratified logic program whose answer probabilities equal the original query probabilities. They implemented this translation in a Python library, used ProbLog 2 for marginal inference, and evaluated the system on a probabilistic version of the LUBM benchmark using two inference methods.

What they found

Grounding times ranged from 0.00 s to 78.49 s across LUBM queries; query 9 timed out (>10 min).
Classic ProbLog inference (cycle‑breaking + SDD compilation) consistently outperformed T_P‑compilation.
First‑order rewritings yielded slightly lower total inference times than onto2problog for the tested queries.

Caveats

✕Grounding step is a performance bottleneck, limiting scalability to larger datasets.
✕Tool currently evaluated only on small‑scale LUBM instances.
✕Support limited to ELH^dr ontologies; extension to other ontology languages is future work.
✕Reliance on ProbLog's implementation may inherit its limitations.

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