A Multi-Level Interdependent Hierarchy of Interpersonal Synergies in Team Sports: Theoretical Considerations

Abstract

Most daily activities (e.g., dialoguing, road trafficking) entails constant coordination between humans. Interpersonal coordination may occur when people share similar goals (Schmidt and Richardson, ; Davis et al., ) and results from the haptic or visual perceptive coupling of relatively independent individuals (e.g., a figure skating duo, two competing tennis players), which temporarily form a single coherent unit, defined as a soft-assembled interpersonal synergy (Black et al., ; Riley et al., ). Synergies are the basic structures from which movement coordination emerges, as they provide ind