21 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Lena Cibulski, Stefan Brückner
| | Type | Leading Question | More challenging Spectrum | |-------------|----------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------| | Complexity | # Options | How many options to choose from? | few vs. many | | | # Attributes | How many criteria (attributes) to consider?…
Dana Howard, Allan Rivlin, Philip Candilis, Neal W. Dickert + 4 more
The consensus among supporters and critics alike was that, if a PPP is developed, and if its use increases predictive accuracy, it should be offered to surrogates. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of respondents stated that the surrogate, and not the preferences of the patient, should decide how, if at all…
Izaak Neri, Simone Pigolotti
A distinct feature of living systems is their capacity to take decisions based on uncertain environmental signals. Examples span from the microscopic scale of cells differentiating based on the concentration of a morphogene, to the macroscopic scale of decisions by animals or human beings. The current paradigm in…
Reidar Brumer Bratvold, Svein R. Kjosavik
The only way doctors can help patients is by making decisions, whether it is to conduct tests, give advice, prescribe drugs or treatments, or refer to another doctor. Even when a GP helps the patient by listening, understanding and being compassionate, she has made a decision to do so. Such decision-making is not easy…
Izaak Neri, Simone Pigolotti
A distinct feature of living systems is their capacity to take decisions based on uncertain environmental signals. Examples span from the microscopic scale of cell differentiation guided by the concentration of a morphogen, to complex choices made by animals and humans. The current paradigm in decision theory assumes…
Ahmed H. Abdelrazik, Peter Dayan
Deciding when to stop gathering information and commit to a choice is a fundamental challenge in decision-making under uncertainty. Normative characterizations such as Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) prescribe mathematically optimal stopping rules; however, human evidence gathering…
Aureli Alabert, Mercè Farré, R. Montes
We study the classical discursive dilemma from the point of view of finding the best decision rule according to a quantitative criterion, under very mild restrictions on the set of admissible rules. The members of the deciding committee are assumed to have a certain probability to assess correctly the truth or falsity…
M del Río, N Trudel, G Prabhu, LT Hunt + 3 more
Biases in information gathering are common in the general population and can reach pathological extremes in paralysing indecisiveness, as in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we adopt a new perspective on information gathering and demonstrate an information integration bias where most recent information is…
Corban Allenbrand, Christoph Seger
Background/Objectives: Diagnostic laboratory tests are often judged by sensitivity and specificity, together with related measures of analytic validity. These assist in deciding on which tests are expected to be more accurate or precise, but they do not determine whether a test result improves patient care. A…
Alexandra A. Ouellette Zuk, Jennifer K. Bertrand, Craig S. Chapman
As decisions require actions to have an effect on the world, measures derived from movements such as using a mouse to control a cursor on a screen provide powerful and dynamic indices of decision-making. In this first of a set of two studies, we replicated classic reach-decision paradigms across computers, tablets, and…
Authors not listed
Mass spectrometry-based natural products targeted discovery often relies on a complicated decision-making process involving tedious comparison of exact masses data and tandem mass spectra-based annotation tools output against various spectral reference libraries. To address this bottleneck, we present tandem mass…
Matteo Priorelli, Ivilin Peev Stoianov, Giovanni Pezzulo
Decision-making is often conceptualized as a serial process, during which sensory evidence is accumulated for the choice alternatives until a certain threshold is reached, at which point a decision is made and an action is executed. This decide-then-act perspective has successfully explained various facets of…
Jonathan J. Rolison, Peter L. T. Gooding, Riccardo Russo, Kathryn E. Buchanan + 1 more
Decision qualities and comprehension checks. Participants completed the comprehension checks for the agentic, bias-free, and error-free qualities. In Studies 2 and 3, the agentic quality referred to intelligent referral decisions and effective communication. The decision environment manipulation was intended to…
Daniel Villiger, Bouke de Vries
The end of a long-term romantic relationship ranks among the most stressful and momentous events in life. Thus, the decision of whether to break up with someone whom one has been with for many years should generally be made very carefully. Unfortunately, decision theory is often thought to be unable to provide rational…
Gábor Erdélyi, Olivia Johanna Erdélyi, Vladimir Estivill‐Castro
As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly involved in decisions affecting our lives, ensuring that automated decision-making is fair and ethical has become a top priority. Intuitively, we feel that akin to human decisions, judgments of artificial agents should necessarily be grounded in some moral…
Philipp Koralus
In the face of rapidly advancing AI technology, individuals will increasingly rely on AI agents to navigate life's growing complexities, raising critical concerns about maintaining both human agency and autonomy. This paper addresses a fundamental dilemma posed by AI decisionsupport systems: the risk of either becoming…
Authors not listed
Chemistry curricula often separate “wet” experimental work from “dry” computation, yet modern discovery increasingly demands both. This Perspective offers an instructor-ready roadmap to train “hybrid chemists” within existing courses. We distill recent advances in machine learning, automation, and real-time analytics…
Aldo Rustichini, Philippe Domenech, Claudia Civai, Colin G. DeYoung + 1 more
'Simone Marsiglio'] We study the role of attention and working memory in choices where options are presented sequentially rather than simultaneously. We build a model where a costly attention effort is chosen, which can vary over time. Evidence is accumulated proportionally to this effort and the utility of the reward.…
Manotar Tampubolon, Tomson Situmeang, Paltiada Saragih
The objective of this article is to establish whether the judges depend on relevant facts, judicial rules, and the law when making their judgments or they use extraneous factors such as what a judge eats, personal ideology, beliefs, or the cultural and political environment. The discourse between the two sides is…
Theodore Andronikos, Michael Stefanidakis
This paper introduces the first functional model of a quantum parliament that is dominated by two parties or coalitions, and may or may not contain independent legislators. We identify a single crucial parameter, aptly named free will radius, that can be used as a practical measure of the quantumness of the parties and…
Jakob Stenseke
Why should moral philosophers, moral psychologists, and machine ethicists care about computational complexity? Debates on whether artificial intelligence (AI) can or should be used to solve problems in ethical domains have mainly been driven by what AI can or cannot do in terms of human capacities. In this paper, we…