21 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Alexandre Tiriac, Karina Bistrong, Miah N. Pitcher, Joshua M. Tworig + 1 more
'Marla B. Feller'] Title: SUMMARY In mice, retinal direction selectivity is organized in a map that aligns to the body and gravitational axes of optic flow, and little is known about how this map develops. We find direction selectivity maps are largely present at eye opening and develop normally in the absence of…
Elishai Ezra-Tsur, Oren Amsalem, Lea Ankri, Pritish Patil + 3 more
'Idan Segev' 'Michal Rivlin-Etzion' 'Jakob H. Macke'] Retinal direction-selectivity originates in starburst amacrine cells (SACs), which display a centrifugal preference, responding with greater depolarization to a stimulus expanding from soma to dendrites than to a collapsing stimulus. Various mechanisms were…
Frederick Zittrell, Kathrin Pabst, Elena Carlomagno, Ronny Rosner + 3 more
'Uta Pegel' 'Dominik M. Endres' 'Uwe Homberg'] Flexible orientation through any environment requires a sense of current relative heading that is updated based on self-motion. Global external cues originating from the sky or the earth‘s magnetic field and local cues provide a reference frame for the sense of direction.…
Yeon Jin Kim, Beth B. Peterson, Joanna D. Crook, Hannah R. Joo + 11 more
'Jiajia Wu' 'Christian Puller' 'Farrel R. Robinson' 'Paul D. Gamlin' 'King-Wai Yau' 'Felix Viana' 'John B. Troy' 'Robert G. Smith' 'Orin S. Packer' 'Peter B. Detwiler' 'Dennis M. Dacey'] From mouse to primate, there is a striking discontinuity in our current understanding of the neural coding of motion direction. In…
Weifeng Dai, Tian Wang, Yang Li, Yi Yang + 9 more
'Tingting Zhou' 'Hongbo Yu' 'Liang Li' 'Yizheng Wang' 'Gang Wang' 'Dajun Xing' 'Frank Tong'] Sensitivity to motion direction is a feature of visual neurons that is essential for motion perception. Recent studies have suggested that direction selectivity is re-established at multiple stages throughout the visual…
Reńe Larisch, Fred H. Hamker
Simple cells in the visual cortex process spatial as well as temporal information of the visual stream and enable the perception of motion information. Previous work suggests that the direction selectivity of V1 simple cells is associated with a temporal offset in the thalamocortical input stream through lagged and…
Jin Y. Huang, W. Rowland Taylor, Dario A. Protti
Introduction Understanding the mechanisms underlying direction selectivity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is crucial in visual neuroscience. Retinal direction selectivity is critical for gaze stabilization through optokinetic and vestibulo-ocular reflexes, and its loss impairs the ability to stabilize gaze and track…
Alon Poleg-Polsky
Motion direction detection is a fundamental visual computation that transforms spatial luminance patterns into directionally tuned outputs. Classical models of direction selectivity rely on temporal asymmetry, where motion detection arises through either delayed excitation or inhibition. Here, I used biologically…
Aman Chawla
In this brief paper, the authors study the tuning curves of starburst amacrine cells (SACs) and introduce a quantity called the irresolution or ambiguity of a SAC. They show that the rate of data generated by a starburst amacrine cell is inversely proportional to its irresolution. This is done by providing bounds on…
Tony Lindeberg
This paper gives an in-depth theoretical analysis of the direction and speed selectivity properties of idealized models of the spatio-temporal receptive fields of simple cells and complex cells, based on the generalized Gaussian derivative model for visual receptive fields. According to this theory, the receptive…
Keyan He, Lixuan Liu, Junxiang Luo, Yiliang Lu + 12 more
Objects move through space and time, generating sequential visuotopic activations in all sighted animals leading to motion perception of velocity defined by direction and speed. Humans can effortlessly see motion with speeds ranging from 0.25 to 500°/s. However, direction-selective neurons in the primary visual cortex…
Dominic J. Vita, Fernanda S. Orsi, Nathan G. Stanko, Natalie A. Clark + 1 more
Orientation or axial selectivity, the property of neurons in the visual system to respond preferentially to certain angles of a visual stimuli, plays a pivotal role in our understanding of visual perception and information processing. This computation is performed as early as the retina, and although much work has…
Phillippe Pearson, Zhaowei Dai, Yiran Gu, Owen D. Miller + 1 more
Angle-selective optical devices are of importance to several applications such as photovoltaics, high-sensitivity photodetectors and displays. There are several approaches to realizing angular selectivity, but it remains challenging to obtain isotropic responses over large spectral bandwidths in optically thin…
Andreas Buttenschön, Calina Copos
Chiral patterns have been observed in various processes from swirling bacterial colonies to tissue morphogenesis and cytoskeletal organization, yet the physical mechanisms underlying chiral cell motion remain poorly understood. Motivated by experiments demonstrating directional bias in the circular motion of confined…
Ifunanya Nwogbaga, A Hyun Kim, Brian A. Camley
Eukaryotic cells can polarize and migrate in response to electric fields via "galvanotaxis," which aids wound healing. Experimental evidence suggests cells sense electric fields via molecules on the cell's surface redistributing via electrophoresis and electroosmosis, though the sensing species has not yet been…
Junho Jung, Yuqiong Cheng, Wanyue Xiao, Shubo Wang
Directional optical sources can give rise to the directional excitation and propagation of light. The directionality of the conventional directional dipole (CDD) sources are attributed to the interference of the electric and/or magnetic dipoles, while the effect of the toroidal dipole on optical directionality remains…
Authors not listed
The directing group-based strategy has been highly effective for site-selective functionalization of alkenes, carbonyls, C−H bonds, C−C bonds, etc., but not yet known for unactivated aromatic π-systems. On the other hand, catalytic hydrogenation of arenes to the corresponding saturated carbo- or heterocycles provides a…
Wei Liu, Jingqi Chen, Wenjie Dou
We present a non-perturbative theory that describes how light regulates chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) from the perspective of strong light-matter interactions. The research results indicate that 1) light can have opposite effects on the CISS, 2) the difference in CISS is caused by the steady states of nuclei…
Stephen Goldup, Ivan Aprahamian
All chemists are familiar with the idea that, at equilibrium steady state, the relative concentrations of species present in a system are predicted by the corresponding equilibrium constants, which are in turn related to the relative free energy difference of the system components. There is also no net flux between…
Authors not listed
Developing a controlled, defect-free, and spatially selective deposition of molecular and hybrid thin films on 2D materials remains a key challenge for their integration into multifunctional optoelectronic systems due to their surface inertness. Here, we demonstrate area-selective atomic/molecular layer deposition of…
William Bro-Jørgensen, Gemma C. Solomon
While the use of molecular orbitals (MOs) and their isosurfaces to explain physical phenomena in chemical systems are a time-honored tool, we show that the nodes are an equally important componentfor understanding the current density through single-molecule junctions. We investigate three dif- ferent model systems…