12 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Dietrich Dörner, Joachim Funke
Computer-simulated scenarios have been part of psychological research on problem solving for more than 40 years. The shift in emphasis from simple toy problems to complex, more real-life oriented problems has been accompanied by discussions about the best ways to assess the process of solving complex problems.…
Ulrike Kipman, Stephan Bartholdy, Marie Weiss, Wolfgang Aichhorn + 1 more
'Günter Schiepek'] Complex problem solving (CPS) can be interpreted as the number of psychological mechanisms that allow us to reach our targets in difficult situations, that can be classified as complex, dynamic, non-transparent, interconnected, and multilayered, and also polytelic. The previous results demonstrated…
Patrick C. Kyllonen
Economic inequality has been described as the defining challenge of our time, responsible for a host of potential negative societal and individual outcomes including reduced opportunity, decreased health and life expectancy, and the destabilization of democracy. Education has been proposed as the “great equalizer” that…
Joachim Funke
What are consequential world problems? As “grand societal challenges”, one might define them as problems that affect a large number of people, perhaps even the entire planet, including problems such as climate change, distributive justice, world peace, world nutrition, clean air and clean water, access to education…
Patrick Kyllonen, Cristina Anguiano Carrasco, Harrison J. Kell
Complex problem solving (CPS) has emerged over the past several decades as an important construct in education and in the workforce. We examine the relationship between CPS and general fluid ability (Gf) both conceptually and empirically. A review of definitions of the two factors, prototypical tasks, and the…
Jens F. Beckmann, Damian P. Birney, Natassia Goode
In this paper we argue that a synthesis of findings across the various sub-areas of research in complex problem solving and consequently progress in theory building is hampered by an insufficient differentiation of complexity and difficulty. In the proposed framework of person, task, and situation (PTS), complexity is…
Jens F. Beckmann, Natassia Goode, Samuel Greiff, Ronny Scherer
In this paper we discuss how the lack of a common framework in Complex Problem Solving (CPS) creates a major hindrance to a productive integration of findings and insights gained in its 40+-year history of research. We propose a framework that anchors complexity within the tri-dimensional variable space of Person, Task…
Qianli Yang, Zhihua Zhu, Ruoguang Si, Yunwei Li + 2 more
Human intelligence is characterized by our remarkable ability to solve complex problems. This involves planning a sequence of actions that leads us from an initial state to a desired goal state. Quantifying and comparing problem-solving capabilities across species and finding its evolutional roots is a fundamental…
Juan Pablo Franco, Peter Bossaerts, Carsten Murawski
Many everyday tasks require people to solve computationally complex problems. However, little is known about the effects of computational hardness on the neural processes associated with solving such problems. Here, we draw on computational complexity theory to address this issue. We performed an experiment in which…
Juan Prada, Johannes Balkenhol, Özge Osmanoglu, Maral Afshar + 6 more
Decisions in biology happen fast and are driven by evolution to optimize survival chances. In platelets, this is achieved by organizing signaling cascades into rapid decision-funnels with modulatory crosstalk. We show that network decision processes underlying cellular decisions are tough to solve (equivalent to…
Alexander V. Lebedev, Jonna Nilsson, Martin Lövdén
Researchers have proposed that solving complex reasoning problems, a key indicator of fluid intelligence, involves the same cognitive processes as solving working memory tasks. This proposal is supported by an overlap of the functional brain activations associated with the two types of tasks and by high correlations…
Tunde Aderinwale, Rashidedin Jahandideh, Zicong Zhang, Bowen Zhao + 2 more
Various biological processes in living cells are carried out by protein complexes, whose interactions can span across multiple protein structures. To understand the molecular mechanisms of such processes, it is crucial to know the quaternary structures of these complexes. Although the structures of many protein…