19 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Chung Chi Chiu, Yintian Xing, Wai Sze Yip, Suet To + 1 more
Ultra-precision machining of ferrous alloys remains challenging because conventional diamond tools suffer severe thermochemical wear, whereas ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting requires complex and costly equipment. This study investigates single-crystal sapphire as an alternative cutting-tool material for…
Christer Ruff, Deborah Staber, Georg Gohla, Carina Kelbsch + 5 more
Rationale and Objectives To qualitatively and quantitatively compare image quality, edge sharpness, and internal-structure delineation of accelerated deep learning-reconstructed turbo spin-echo (TSEDLR) sequences versus conventionally reconstructed TSE (TSECR) in 3 T orbital MRI. Materials and Methods Twenty-five…
Gabriel Stankiewicz, Chaitanya Dev, Paul Steinmann
Variable thickness topology optimization (VTTO) is a potent methodology for designing high-performance, high-stiffness sheet structures. However, this method frequently encounters two primary challenges: (1) the formation of undesirable low-thickness regions, which present manufacturing difficulties, and (2) the…
Dimitris Kaimaris, Hocine Cherifi
The paper presents a method for generating a pseudo-panchromatic (PPAN) orthophotomosaic that is spectrally compatible with the multispectral (MS) orthophotomosaic, and it targets the fusion of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) RGB-MS orthophotomosaics when no true panchromatic band is available. In typical UAS imaging…
Lynn Schmittwilken, Anna L. Haverkamp, Marianne Maertens
To interact with the world effectively, the human visual system must extract meaningful features from visual scenes. One key feature are edges, luminance or texture discontinuities in two-dimensional (2D) images that often correspond to object boundaries in three-dimensional scenes. Edge sensitivity has traditionally…
Fangshuo Liao, Afroditi Kolomvaki, Anastasios Kyrillidis
When training neural networks with full-batch gradient descent (GD) and step size $η$, the largest eigenvalue of the Hessian -- the sharpness $S(\boldsymbolθ)$ -- rises to $2/η$ and hovers there, a phenomenon termed the Edge of Stability (EoS). \citet{damian2023selfstab} showed that this behavior is explained by a…
Mahesh Ramani
Let $3 \le k \le r$, and let $C^r_{1,k}$ be the $r$-uniform $k$-crown. Set $q=r-1$, $t=k-1$, $D=tq+1$, and $D^-=(t-1)q+1$. For every edge $e$ of a linear $C^r_{1,k}$-free $r$-graph, $Φ_H(e):=\sum_{v\in e}1/d_H(v)\ge r/D$. We classify equality: $e$ is sharp if and only if $e$ and all edges meeting it form $t$ projective…
Andrew Shannon, David Barton, Martin Homer, Conor Houghton
Segregation of speech into syllables is a key step in neural speech processing. It relies on the alignment of neural activity with the rhythmic structure of speech. Two competing hypotheses explain this ‘neural speech tracking’, phase-resetting and evoked responses. While phenomenological modelling of these hypotheses…
Pierre Marion
Gradient descent in deep learning may operate at the edge of stability (EoS), a regime in which the largest eigenvalue of the loss Hessian hovers near the stability threshold $2/η$, where $η$ is the learning rate. Classical analysis tools such as gradient flow and the descent lemma do not apply here, motivating the…
Mengyao Yu, Zhuohang Wei, Jianan Fang, Jixi Zhang + 4 more
Edge-enhanced imaging is critical for visualizing weakly absorbing and transparent objects. Extending this functionality into the mid-infrared (MIR) region enables chemical sensitivity and improved imaging performance for biomedical, material, and remote-sensing applications. Here, we present a wide-field MIR…
J Bernard Heymann
Images in the electron microscope are formed by electron scattering and focusing. The spherical geometry of these processes gives rise to two coherent, conjugate spherical wave fronts, known as Ewald spheres. These spheres are associated with the two halves of the contrast transfer function (CTF), and their widths are…
John Oreopoulos, Glyn Nelson, Matthew Gastinger, Christopher L. Morrison + 4 more
Quantitative fluorescence microscopy is more reproducible when instrument performance is measured and incorporated into the analysis. We show that routinely monitored quality-control (QC) metrics like the system resolution and inter-channel co-registration are determinant variables that can be used to normalize common…
Samuele Virgili, Thomas Buffet, Matthew Chalk, Olivier Marre
The center surround structure of ganglion cells receptive fields is suited for edge detection, a first step towards image segmentation. However, in a dynamical visual scene with moving objects, it is less clear how the retina represents the boundaries of moving objects and therefore contributes to motion segmentation.…
Authors not listed
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are known as promising zero-dimensional nanomaterials due to their tunable electronic and optical properties arising from quantum confinement and edge effects. In this work, a comprehensive density functional theory investigation is carried out to explore the influence of semi-metal doping…
Andrew Gentry, Julie Segal, Angela Kok, Christopher Kenney + 1 more
Silicon detectors typically require an insensitive area around their periphery to accommodate guard rings, which help maintain the electric field uniformity around edge pixels and isolate the high leakage current from the physical edges of the detector. Minimization of this insensitive region is desirable for…
Authors not listed
Understanding the spatial organization and dynamics of physicochemical processes in operating catalytic reactors is essential for optimizing their performance. Unfortunately, the power of NMR-based techniques is significantly impaired in such studies due to severe broadening and distortions of NMR signals caused by the…
Authors not listed
Topological band theory based on the variety of reciprocal space invariants provides an insightful framework for quantum material characterization in condensed matter physics. Its bulk-boundary correspondence principle has become a reliable tool for predicting Fermi level properties. Here, we investigate a recently…
Lucy Somekh, John N Griffin, Catalina Pimiento, William D Pearse
Finite resources dictate that conservation biologists must prioritise some species over others. Conservation metrics, such as EDGE (Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered; EDGE1) and FUSE (Functionally Unique, Specialised and Endangered), make prioritisation based on species’ evolutionary or functional…
Authors not listed
A framework for catalysis based on categorical aperture selection rather than temporal acceleration is presented. Traditional catalysis theory describes catalysts as agents that accelerate reactions by lowering activation energies, implicitly treating time as the fundamental variable and reaction rate enhancement as…