18 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Marco Balducci
There is controversy regarding whether gender differences are smaller or larger in societies that promote gender equality highlighting the need for an integrated analysis. This review examines literature correlating, on a national level, gender differences in basic skills-mathematics, science (including attitudes and…
Dorte M. Christiansen, Margaret M. McCarthy, Mary V. Seeman
Sex differences are prevalent in multiple mental disorders. Internalizing disorders are more commonly diagnosed in women, whereas externalizing and neurodevelopmental disorders are more often diagnosed in men. Significant sex/gender differences are reported in prevalence, symptom profile, age of onset, comorbidities…
Aura Zelco, Pattama Wapeesittipan, Anagha Joshi, Qian Du
The societal implication of sex and gender (SG) differences in brain are profound, as they influence brain development, behavior, and importantly, the presentation, prevalence, and therapeutic response to diseases. Technological advances have enabled speed up identification and characterization of SG differences during…
Adam D Galinsky, Aurora Turek, Grusha Agarwal, Eric M Anicich + 6 more
'Derek D Rucker' 'Hannah R Bowles' 'Nira Liberman' 'Chloe Levin' 'Joe C Magee' 'Jay Van Bavel'] Title: Abstract This research addresses the long-standing debate about the determinants of sex/gender differences. Evolutionary theorists trace many sex/gender differences back to natural selection and sex-specific…
Gonzalo R. Quintana, James G. Pfaus
The largely binary nature of biological sex and its conflation with the socially constructed concept of gender has created much strife in the last few years. The notion of gender identity and its differences and similarities with sex have fostered much scientific and legal confusion and disagreement. Settling the…
Elvisha Dhamala, Dani S. Bassett, B.T. Thomas Yeo, Avram J. Homes
Sex and gender are associated with human behavior throughout the lifespan and across health and disease, but whether they are associated with similar or distinct neural phenotypes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, in children, sex and gender are uniquely reflected in the intrinsic functional connectivity of the…
Diego Vidaurre, Sergio Morell-Ortega, Pablo Oyarzo, Christopher R. Butler + 6 more
Evidence is emerging that the socioeconomic environment in general, and gender inequality in particular, can be a shaping force on brain structure. However, our understanding of the nature of this influence throughout the lifespan is often limited because most current data sets are geographically and demographically…
Wei Bai, Zhongtao Yue, Tao Zhou
Occupational segregation is widely considered as one major reason leading to the gender discrimination in labor market. Using large-scale Chinese resume data of online job seekers, we uncover an interesting phenomenon that occupations with higher proportion of men have smaller gender wage gap measured by the…
Sonja J. Fenske, Janelle Liu, Haitao Chen, Marcio A. Diniz + 4 more
Evidence for sex differences in cognition in childhood is established, but less is known about the underlying neural mechanisms for these differences. Recent findings suggest the existence of brain-behavior relationship heterogeneities during infancy; however, it remains unclear whether sex underlies these…
Yumnah T. Khan, Alex Tsompanidis, Marcin A. Radecki, Lena Dorfschmidt + 6 more
Sex differences in human brain anatomy have been well-documented; however, their underlying causes remain controversial. Neonatal research offers a pivotal opportunity to address this long-standing debate. Given that postnatal environmental influences (e.g., gender socialisation) are minimal at birth, any sex…
Danny Doucette, Chandralekha Singh
This review article provides an overview of research on the topic of gender equity in educational physics labs. As many institutions and instructors seek to evolve or transform physics lab learning, it is important that changes are made that improve equity for all students along multiple axes of identity, including…
Mako Okanda, Xianwei Meng, Yasuhiro Kanakogi, Moe Uragami + 2 more
'Hiroki Yamamoto' 'Yusuke Moriguchi'] Japan has a large gender gap; thus, this study examined whether Japanese 4- to 7-year-old children exhibit a “brilliance = males” stereotype and whether parental attitudes toward gender roles were related to children’s stereotypes. We also explored whether the children exhibited…
Finn Böckling, Jan Marquenie, Ingo Siegert
STEM fields are traditionally male-dominated, with gender biases shaping perceptions of job accessibility. This study analyzed gender representation in STEM occupation images generated by OpenAI DALL-E 3 & Black Forest FLUX.1 using 150 prompts in three linguistic forms: German generic masculine, German pair form, and…
Maria Teleki, Xiangjue Dong, Haoran Liu, James Caverlee
Masculine defaults are widely recognized as a significant type of gender bias, but they are often unseen as they are underresearched. Masculine defaults involve three key parts: (i) the cultural context, (ii) the masculine characteristics or behaviors, and (iii) the reward for, or simply acceptance of, those masculine…
Florent Cabric, Margrét V. Bjarnadóttir, Meng Ling, Guðbjörg Linda Rafnsdóttir + 1 more
Recent studies show that while women's participation in the workforce and professional education has increased substantially, gender stereotypes remain. Little has changed over the last 30 years when it comes to gender stereotypes regarding traits, role behaviors, occupations, or physical characteristics . It is…
Carinna Torgerson, Hedyeh Ahmadi, Jeiran Choupan, Chun Chieh Fan + 2 more
There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure, particularly in childhood. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have analyzed both sex and gender as variables of interest - many of which included small sample sizes and relied on binary definitions of gender. The current…
Andrius Pašukonis, Shirley Jennifer Serrano-Rojas, Marie-Therese Fischer, Matthias-Claudio Loretto + 9 more
Sex differences in vertebrate spatial abilities are typically interpreted under the adaptive specialization hypothesis, which posits that male reproductive success is linked to larger home ranges and better navigational skills. The androgen spillover hypothesis counters that enhanced male spatial performance may be a…
Sainte-Marie, Maxime Holmberg, Larivière, Vincent
This paper attempts a first analysis of citation distributions based on the genderedness of authors' first name. Following the extraction of first name and sex data from all human entity triplets contained in Wikidata, a first name genderedness table is first created based on compiled sex frequencies, then merged with…