19 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Merga Abdissa Aga, Fucai Lin
We propose the Fréchet-Power Function (FPF) distribution, a novel two-parameter model that combines the bounded support of the Power Function distribution with the heavy-tailed flexibility of a Fréchet-type generator. This combination enables the FPF to capture complex features such as skewness, heavy tails, and…
Christen, J. A., Rubio, F. J.
The hazard function is central to the formulation of commonly used survival regression models such as the proportional hazards and accelerated failure time models. However, these models rely on a shared baseline hazard, which, when specified parametrically, can only capture limited shapes. To overcome this limitation…
Jose A Christen, Francisco J Rubio
The hazard function is central to the formulation of commonly used survival regression models such as the proportional hazards and accelerated failure time models. However, these models rely on a shared baseline hazard, which, when specified parametrically, can only capture limited shapes. To overcome this limitation…
Anna De Magistris, Elvira Romano, Fabrizio Maturo
This paper investigates clustering in survival data by shifting the analytical focus from cumulative survival probabilities to instantaneous risk, as characterized by the hazard function. We model smoothed log-hazard trajectories as functional objects that capture the temporal evolution of risk and propose a clustering…
Johannes Piller, Léa Orsini, Simon Wiegrebe, Sophie Hanna Langbein + 5 more
In this work, we discuss what we refer to as reduction techniques for survival analysis, that is, techniques that “reduce” a survival task to a more common regression or classification task, without ignoring the specifics of survival data. Such techniques particularly facilitate machine learning-based survival…
Shintaro Yuki, Chikara Mizukoshi, Ko Abe, Teppei Shimamura
Prognosis in cancer and other complex diseases is shaped by heterogeneous cell states and clinical or genetic contexts whose effects change over time. Yet most survival analyses assume predefined cell types and time-invariant covariates, and cohorts pairing single-cell transcriptomes with outcomes are limited…
Md Rokibul Hasan, Pratim Guha Niyogi
Physical activity plays a vital role in human health. Its entire distribution differs among people. Commonly used summary measures cannot describe this distributional pattern. We present a distribution-based analytical approach to describe physical activity by modeling individual-level activity-intensity patterns…
Tomasz F. Stepinski
We have developed a fully Bayesian survival-analysis framework that reformulates inference about system lifetimes in terms of hazard and survival functions, and extends this representation to interacting actors. Starting from J.~Richard Gott's Copernican principle, we express the scale-free prior as a baseline hazard…
Oliver Kuss, Annika Hoyer
Background Reporting treatment effects from clinical trials on both relative and absolute scales is crucial. While absolute measures like the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) are well-established for binary outcomes, their calculation for time-to-event outcomes remains challenging due to time-dependence, which hinders…
Shovan Chowdhury, Marco Marozzi, Freddy Hernández-Barajas, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
The exponential distribution has been used for modeling positively skewed data in biological psychology. However, the lesser-known Lindley distribution, although not typically used for this purpose, has a density and cumulative distribution that are very similar to those of the exponential distribution. This similarity…
Kumar, Pankaj, Vijay, Vivek
Heavy-tailed probability distributions are extremely useful and play a crucial role in modeling different types of financial data sets. This study presents a two-pronged methodology. First, a mixture probability distribution is created by combining Gaussian and Rayleigh distributions using the arctangent…
Ahmed H. Abdelrazik, Peter Dayan
Deciding when to stop gathering information and commit to a choice is a fundamental challenge in decision-making under uncertainty. Normative characterizations such as Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) prescribe mathematically optimal stopping rules; however, human evidence gathering…
Authors not listed
Occupational chemical hazards pose profound risks to chemists in laboratory and industrial settings, encompassing acute and chronic exposures that imperil sensory organs (e.g., ocular, auditory, olfactory, dermal) and vital physiological systems. This manuscript delineates a multifaceted, innovative protocol suite…
Matthieu Dutel
This paper addresses the definition and modeling of hazards in the context of physical systems, particularly infrastructures, that are affected by climate change. The paper highlights that hazards are system-dependent, meaning what constitutes a hazard for one system (e.g., humans) may not be the same for another…
Authors not listed
Realizing the promise of artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate scientific progress and deliver technological impact depends on how effectively AI can be integrated into real-world decision- making processes. As Peter Norvig states, “Somewhat remarkably, almost all AI research until very recently has assumed that…
Metehan Kara, Murat Tuğrul
Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) drive cellular mortality, mutagenesis, and severe evolutionary bottlenecks. While classical phenomenological models, such as the Linear-Quadratic (LQ) framework, reliably predict macroscopic population survival, they obscure the intrinsic single-cell stochasticity that…
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E-liquids stocked inside unregulated disposable vaping devices are subjected to corrosion effects from their chemical interaction with metallic parts during their likely long-time storage. Consequently, aerosols generated from these e-liquids likely contain abundant yields of metallic elements, an outcome that becomes…
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Substances transform in environmental and biological matrices to produce diverse transformation products (TPs). Some chemical moieties, termed persistent substructures, are retained in these TPs. This study used literature TPs, literature-derived analogous TPs and predicted TPs to identify known and novel TPs of five…
Vincent S. Pan, Jared Adam, Daniel N. Anstett, A. Nalleli Carvajal Acosta + 10 more
Herbivores strongly shape plant ecology and evolution. Yet plants typically sustain low, tolerable levels of damage, raising the question of how herbivory influences plant biology despite often weak fitness effects. Analyzing 1,145 datasets of the effects of damage on fitness for 103 plant species worldwide, we show…