10 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Isabel S. Magalhaes, James R. Whiting, Daniele D’Agostino, Paul A. Hohenlohe + 4 more
Parallelism, the evolution of similar traits in populations diversifying in similar conditions, provides good evidence of adaptation by natural selection. Many studies of parallelism have focused on comparisons of strongly different ecotypes or sharply contrasting environments, defined a priori, which could upwardly…
Guillaume Wos, Magdalena Bohutínská, Jana Nosková, Terezie Mandáková + 1 more
Parallel adaptation results from independent evolution of similar traits between closely related lineages and allows testing to which extent evolution is repeatable. Parallel adaptation often involves similar gene expression changes but the identity of genes shaped by parallel selection and the causes of expression…
Andreas Härer, Diana J. Rennison
Parallel evolution of phenotypic traits is regarded as strong evidence for natural selection and has been studied extensively in a variety of taxa. However, we have limited knowledge of whether parallel evolution of host organisms is accompanied by parallel changes of their associated microbial communities (i.e.…
Niloofar Alaei Kakhki, Manuel Schweizer, Dave Lutgen, Rauri C. K. Bowie + 4 more
Insights into the processes underpinning the evolution of phenotypic parallelism contribute to our understanding of the contributions of ancestral, introgressed, and novel genetic variation to phenotypic evolution. Phylogenomic analyses characterizing genome-wide gene tree heterogeneity can provide first clues about…
Partha Pratim Chakraborty, Rees Kassen
Natural populations are often spatially structured, meaning they are best described as metapopulations composed of subpopulations connected by migration. We know little about how the topology of connections in metapopulations impacts adaptive evolution. Topologies that concentrate dispersing individuals through a…
Li Wang, Emily B. Josephs, Kristin M. Lee, Lucas M. Roberts + 3 more
Convergent phenotypic evolution provides some of the strongest evidence for adaptation. However, the extent to which recurrent phenotypic adaptation has arisen via parallelism at the molecular level remains unresolved, as does the evolutionary origin of alleles underlying such adaptation. Here, we investigate genetic…
Kang Li, Mikiko Kadohisa, Makoto Kusunoki, John Duncan + 2 more
Serial and parallel processing in visual search have been long debated in psychology but the processing mechanism remains an open issue. Serial processing allows only one object at a time to be processed, whereas parallel processing assumes that various objects are processed simultaneously. Here we present novel neural…
Susan F. Bailey, Qianyun Guo, Thomas Bataillon
Parallel evolution, defined as identical changes arising in independent populations, is often attributed to similar selective pressures favoring the fixation of identical genetic changes. However, some level of parallel evolution is also expected if mutation rates are heterogeneous across regions of the genome. Theory…
Rachel Moreau, Nihan Alp, Alasdair DF Clarke, Erez Freud + 1 more
More than a century of vision research has identified symmetry as a fundamental cue, which aids the visual system in making inferences about objects and surfaces in natural scenes. Most studies have focused on one type of symmetry, reflection, presented at a single image location. However, the visual system responds…
Semir Zeki, Zachary F Hale, Ahmad Beyh, Samuel E Rasche
There are different definitions of axioms, but the one that seems to have general approval is that axioms are statements whose truths are universally accepted but cannot be proven; they are the foundation from which further propositional truths are derived. Previous attempts, led by David Hilbert, to show that all of…