23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Raquel Montero, Natalia Moskvina, Paolo Morosi, Tamara Serrano + 2 more
Quantification has been proven to be a particularly difficult linguistic phenomenon for (Multimodal) Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, given that quantification interfaces with the logic, pragmatic, and numerical domains, the exact reasons for the poor performance are still unclear. This papers looks at three key…
Clemens Damke, Eyke Hüllermeier
Graphs are commonly used in machine learning to model relationships between instances. Consider the task of predicting the political preferences of users in a social network; to solve this task one should consider, both, the features of each individual user and the relationships between them. However, oftentimes one is…
Xiangrong Tang, Yunqing Wen, Rong Qin, Jishen Zhang + 4 more
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is limited in measuring absolute nucleic acid copy numbers due to the inherent variability of calibrators. Here, we introduce the Quantal PCR (quPCR), a novel method that eliminates the need for calibrators by defining an intrinsic quantal unit derived from the…
Jochen Kinter, Adeline Stiefvater, Samira Osterop, Michael Sinnreich
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is widely used for nucleic acid quantification but often lacks precision in detecting subtle relative changes, whereas digital PCR offers higher accuracy at reduced throughput and accessibility. Here, we introduce ratioPCR (rPCR), a bias-corrected qPCR approach that quantifies target ratios in…
Shangxiao An, Weiyi Zheng, Qi Tang, Guofang Shen + 5 more
Quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) is a versatile analytical tool that provides simultaneous structural and quantitative information without the need for analyte-specific standards. This review summarizes its key methodological fundamentals and broad applications in both pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. In drug…
Defeng Bai, Ou Fang, Caihua Li, Bin Cai + 7 more
Traditional 16S rRNA gene and Internal Transcribed Spacer region amplicon sequencing provides only relative abundance, often leading to biased ecological interpretations. To overcome this limitation, we developed Accu16S/AccuITS, an absolute quantification method for bacterial and fungal amplicons based on synthetic…
Alejandro Moreo, Pablo González, Juan José del Coz
Accurately estimating the unknown target label distribution is the critical first step for adapting to label shift. This task, widely known as quantification or class prevalence estimation, has recently seen significant advances through continuous KDE-based methods which model the density of multiclass classifier…
Arbariyanto Mahmud Wicaksono, Songshi Li, Ryoma Ogawa, Masahiro Takei
Albumin and γ-globulin concentrations in an electrolyte solution have been quantified by a multivariate-regressive Gaussian admittance relaxation times distribution (mgARTD). The mgARTD is built based on the training data consisting of the impedance spectroscopy system measurement result of protein mixture solutions…
Anneke L. Niehuus, Max Renneisen, Sascha Reinschmiedt, Denise Sievers + 2 more
Quantification by LC-MS using electrospray ionization (ESI) is challenging due to various factors that influence signal intensity. The gold standard involves the use of isotopically labelled standards spiked into the sample. However, for the analysis of extractable compounds from polymeric materials in medical devices…
Authors not listed
The rapid growth of worldwide computing power has transformed in silico chemistry into a discipline that is integrated into the daily work of many chemists. Nowadays, researchers find it increasingly straightforward to predict a wide range of molecular properties and chemi- cal processes at reasonable computational…
Alex Zelter, Michael Riffle, Gennifer E. Merrihew, Batool Mutawe + 9 more
Dogma suggests protein quantification is a pre-requisite to LC-MS/MS based proteomics studies. Such quantification allows a standardized ratio of sample to digestion enzyme and enables physical normalization of protein digest loaded onto the mass spectrometer for analysis. Most proteomics studies include these steps.…
Authors not listed
We develop a comprehensive theoretical framework for quantum-enhanced risk modeling in financial systems, establishing mathematical foundations for representing and computing risk factors using quantum states and operations. The theory begins by formulating portfolio risk as quantum observables, where correlations…
Mikael Kubista, Amin Forootan, Michael W. Pfaffl, Stephen A. Bustin + 5 more
The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) standard curve is the central analytical tool for validating qPCR assays and can also be used to estimate target concentrations in test samples. This review explains how qPCR standard curves are constructed, validated, and analyzed for different purposes. We first…
Yoshifumi Ohyama, Mamiko Shimamura, Yuki Asami, Dieter M. Tourlousse + 7 more
Accurate quantification of fungi is important for a myriad of applications but remains challenging. Previously, we demonstrated that an approach called the adenine-HPLC method can quantify bacteria, including those with aggregating properties that are difficult to quantify using conventional methods, by measuring…
Bibek Raut, Gopal Palla, Virendra Kumar, Andrew Fleck + 6 more
Isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) implemented on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs), enable inexpensive and rapid (≤60 min) colorimetric molecular diagnostics; however, no existing instrument supports high-throughput (>100…
Authors not listed
Quantitative analysis of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) at single-particle resolution remains challenging due to their nanoscale dimensions and compositional heterogeneity. Existing methods often rely on specialized and costly instrumentation, limiting accessibility for many researchers and necessitates extensive…
Authors not listed
Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly used in quantum chemistry, but their reliability hinges on uncertainty quantification (UQ). In this study, we compare two prominent UQ paradigms—Deep Evidential Regression (DER) and Deep Ensembles—on the QM9 and WS22 datasets, with a specific emphasis on the role of post…
Chaitanya Gupta, Kishan Aryasomayajula, Sean R. Fischer, Zheng Jia + 7 more
Analytical chemistry provides the content of nearly every scientific, technical and business decision relating to what atoms, molecules and devices are and how they interact in their environment. Various workflows come together in describing those interactions--separation, identification, quantitation…
Authors not listed
Metabolites in a urine extract are signal-enhanced by SABRE† hyperpolarization and detected using a benchtop NMR spectrometer. Quantification by standard addition is demonstrated for endogenic urinary nicotinamide (vitamin B3). Even higher sensitivity is achieved in an automated setup for multi-scan SABRE experiments.…
P. Harris, C. Bench, M. Rinkevičius, V. Marozas + 5 more
This Good Practice Guide presents work done in the QUMPHY project (Uncertainty quantification for machine learning models applied to photoplethysmography signals) that considered both machine learning and uncertainty quantification for problems which used photoplethysmography (PPG) signals from wearable devices as…
Witold E. Wolski, Leonardo Schwarz, Christian Trachsel, Martina Zanella + 6 more
Mass spectrometry laboratories must turn lists of submitted samples into acquisition queues. The run order and the placement of quality-control (QC) injections determine whether a design controls batch effects and signal drift, and whether those effects stay correctable afterward. Yet operators usually set them by hand…
Jürg Fröhlich, Alessandro Pizzo
This note starts with a recapitulation of what people call the ``Measurement Problem'' of Quantum Mechanics (QM). The dissipative nature of the quantum-mechanical time-evolution of averages of states over large ensembles of identical isolated systems consisting of matter interacting with the radiation field is…
L. V. Prokhorov, Alexander Ushakov S., Yury Berdinsky
This book examines a number of problems of quantum mechanics, most of which are not usually discussed. What is the origin of probabilities in the mechanics of the microworld? What is the nature of Planck's constant h? What is the nature of probability amplitudes? What is the wave function? A system of axioms for…