13 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Jie Huang, Kevin Chen–Chuan Chang
Reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence that plays a crucial role in activities such as problem solving, decision making, and critical thinking. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in natural language processing, and there is observation that these models may…
Jingde Cheng
— Recently, with the application progress of AIGC tools based on large language models (LLMs), led by ChatGPT, many AI experts and more non-professionals are trumpeting the "reasoning ability" of the LLMs. The present author considers that the so-called "reasoning ability" of LLMs are just illusions of those people who…
Fei Yu, Hongbo Zhang, Prayag Tiwari, Benyou Wang
This survey paper proposes a clearer view of natural language reasoning in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), both conceptually and practically. Conceptually, we provide a distinct definition for natural language reasoning in NLP, based on both philosophy and NLP scenarios, discuss what types of tasks…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Emmanuelle-Anna Dietz Saldanha, Antonis Kakas
This paper addresses the challenge of modeling human reasoning, within a new framework called Cognitive Argumentation. This framework rests on the assumption that human logical reasoning is inherently a process of dialectic argumentation and aims to develop a cognitive model for human reasoning that is computational…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Jingde Cheng
Reasoning Based on Strong Relevant Logics -- A Solution to the Problem of LLM Pre-training Data Exhaustion Authors: ['Jingde Cheng'] Abstract — Recently, it is often said that the data used for the pre-training of large language models (LLMs) have been exhausted. This paper proposes a solution to the problem: Automated…
Isaac R. Christian, Samuel A. Nastase
Humans spend time contemplating the minds of others. But this ability is not limited to external agents – we also turn the lens for reading minds inward, reflecting on our own thoughts, emotions, and sense of self. Some processes involved in reasoning about minds may rely on shared mechanisms, while others may be…
Maryam Ziaei, Mohammad Reza Bonyadi, David Reutens
Prior knowledge and beliefs influence our reasoning in daily life and may lead us to draw unwarranted conclusions with undesirable consequences. The underlying neural correlates of the interaction between belief and logic, prior to making logical decisions, are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify brain…
Dániel Rivas-Blanco, Marco Vasconcelos, Friederike Range, Alex Kacelnik + 1 more
We critically examine theoretical and experimental evidence that animals’ reason by exclusion, focusing on a widespread protocol known as the 2-Cups Task. We test the hypothesis that subjects solve inference by exclusion tasks by responding independently to two options, without implementing complex reasoning, as…
Antonis Kakas, Loizos Michael
This paper presents Abduction and Argumentation as two principled forms for reasoning, and fleshes out the fundamental role that they can play within Machine Learning. It reviews the state-of-the-art work over the past few decades on the link of these two reasoning forms with machine learning work, and from this it…
Dániel Rivas-Blanco, Marco Vasconcelos, Friederike Range, Alex Kacelnik + 1 more
Is human language necessary for logical reasoning? Multiple studies address this by showing animals a bait hidden in either of two inverted cups, briefly lifting one exposing its content and then letting subjects choose. Consistent preference for the baited container is interpreted as evidence of inferential reasoning…
Kotaro Funakoshi
This paper1 presents Non-Axiomatic Term Logic (NATL) as a theoretical computational framework of humanlike symbolic reasoning in artificial intelligence. NATL unites a discrete syntactic system inspired from Aristotle's term logic and a continuous semantic system based on the modern idea of distributed representations…