12 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Sebastijan Veselic, Nour Mohsen, Lennart Luettgau, Elena Gutierrez + 5 more
Reasoning flexibly composes known elements to solve novel problems. Recent theories suggest the brain uses the axis of time to compose elements for reasoning. In this view, elements are packaged into fast neural sequences, with each sequence exploring the implications of a different composition. Using…
Tao Hong, William R. Stauffer
Complex economic decisions are often combinatorial: they require individuals to select from many alternatives under strict constraints on time, resources, and energy. Combinatorial reasoning is the cognitive process that enables decision makers to construct and evaluate multiple potential solutions in the face of these…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Luke J. Hearne, Conor Robinson, Luca Cocchi, Takuya Ito
Relational reasoning—the capacity to understand how elements relate to one another—is a defining feature of human intelligence, yet its computational basis remains unclear. Here, we combined human neuroimaging (7T fMRI) and artificial neural network modeling to examine relational reasoning in biological and artificial…
Isaac R. Christian, Samuel A. Nastase
Humans spend time contemplating the minds of others. But this ability is not limited to external agents – we also turn the lens for reading minds inward, reflecting on our own thoughts, emotions, and sense of self. Some processes involved in reasoning about minds may rely on shared mechanisms, while others may be…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, RT Pramod, Jessica Chomik-Morales + 2 more
The ability to reason about the physical world is a critical tool in the human cognitive toolbox, but the nature of the representations that mediate physical reasoning remains debated. Here, we use fMRI to illuminate this question by investigating the relationship between the physical-reasoning system and two…
Dániel Rivas-Blanco, Marco Vasconcelos, Friederike Range, Alex Kacelnik + 1 more
We critically examine theoretical and experimental evidence that animals’ reason by exclusion, focusing on a widespread protocol known as the 2-Cups Task. We test the hypothesis that subjects solve inference by exclusion tasks by responding independently to two options, without implementing complex reasoning, as…
Dániel Rivas-Blanco, Marco Vasconcelos, Friederike Range, Alex Kacelnik + 1 more
Is human language necessary for logical reasoning? Multiple studies address this by showing animals a bait hidden in either of two inverted cups, briefly lifting one exposing its content and then letting subjects choose. Consistent preference for the baited container is interpreted as evidence of inferential reasoning…
Shuchen Liu, Seda Karakose-Akbiyik, Alfonso Caramazza, Filipa Dourado Sotero + 2 more
Many everyday tasks, from chopping vegetables to catching a ball, require understanding both how objects respond to physical forces and how to use them effectively. These capacities, tool use and physical reasoning, are often assumed to rely on shared cognitive and neural mechanisms. At some level, this correspondence…
R.M. Tenderra, S. Theves
Psychometric research on intelligence consistently identifies latent factors underlying performance correlations across cognitive tasks, with one general factor (g) explaining most variance and predicting general life outcomes. Their biological basis is yet unresolved, in particular with regard to the neural…
Reiji Ohkuma, Yuto Kurihara, Toru Takahashi, Rieko Osu
People solve insight problems that they encounter daily with a sudden sense of ‘aha!’ to reach a solution. Chunk decomposition, which decomposes the factors of the problem, and constraint relaxation, which manipulates filters to organize the information necessary to solve the problem, are important in insight…