23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Beatriz S. Arruda, Rodrigo Quian Quiroga
Single-neuron recordings from the medial temporal lobe of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery have revealed “concept cells” that respond selectively and invariantly to meaningful stimuli such as specific people, places, or objects. These responses offer a unique window into how individual neurons encode high-level…
Zhang, Qi
Explicit (declarative) memory, the memory that can be "declared" in words or languages, is made up of two dissociated parts: episodic memory and semantic memory. This dissociation has its neuroanatomical basis—episodic memory is mostly associated with the hippocampus and semantic memory with the neocortex. The two…
Zihong He, Weizhe Lin, Hao Zheng, Fan Zhang + 6 more
Unlike episodic memory, which records personal experiences, semantic memory helps AI build and understand general knowledge . - Non-Parametric Semantic Memory. External knowledge from sources such as knowledge bases allows AI systems to improve their performance on tasks that require objective information, such as…
Albert Albesa-González, Claudia Clopath
Episodic and semantic memory are classically thought to play distinct roles: episodic memory encodes unique experiences, while semantic memory generalizes across them. Current conceptualizations of episodic and semantic memory interactions emphasize a one-way consolidation from episodic traces in the medial temporal…
Albert Albesa-González, Claudia Clopath
Semantic knowledge is thought to emerge through the consolidation of episodic experience, yet the biological mechanisms by which reusable semantic representations are extracted from complex episodes remain unclear. Conversely, semantic representations can themselves be found within the medial temporal lobe, raising the…
Xiaoxi Qi, Marc N Coutanche
Semantic access can occur in many forms, ranging from retrieving specific exemplars to linking concepts with related meanings. We hypothesized that accessing meaning at different levels during encoding would lead to distinct neural reactivation patterns during later memory retrieval. Human participants learned novel…
Caterina Artuso, Francesco Bossi, Carmen Belacchi, Paola Palladino
Semantic relationship modulates working memory (WM) processes by promoting recall but impairing recognition. Updating is a core mechanism of WM responsible for its stability and flexibility; it allows maintenance of relevant information while removing no-longer relevant one. To our knowledge, no studies specifically…
John Towse, Mark Hurlstone, Amy Atkinson, Satoru Saito + 4 more
'Robert Logie' 'Rebecca Hart' 'Robert H. Logie' 'Louise A. Brown Nicholls'] Working memory is the system that supports the temporary storage and processing of information. It is generally agreed that working memory is a mental workspace, with a combination of resources operating together to maintain information in mind…
Matthew Slayton, Cortney M Howard, Shenyang Huang, Mariam Hovhannisyan + 2 more
Recent work in vision sciences contends that objects carry an intrinsic property, memorability, that describes the likelihood that an object can be successfully encoded and later retrieved from memory. It has been shown that object memorability is supported by semantic information, but the neural correlates involved…
Dongming Jiang, Yi Li, Song-Tao Wei, Jinxin Yang + 7 more
Agentic memory systems enable large language model (LLM) agents to maintain state across long interactions, supporting long-horizon reasoning and personalization beyond fixed context windows. Despite rapid architectural development, the empirical foundations of these systems remain fragile: existing benchmarks are…
Hunter Gentry, Cameron Buckner
In this article, we explore various arguments against the traditional distinction between episodic and semantic memory based on the metaphysical phenomenon of transitional gradation. Transitional gradation occurs when two candidate kinds A and B grade into one another along a continuum according to their characteristic…
Deliang Wen, Ke Sun
Large language models (LLMs) face inherent limitations in memory, including restricted context windows [[1]], long-term knowledge forgetting, redundant information accumulation, and hallucination generation [[2]], all of which severely constrain sustained dialogue and personalized services [[3]]. This paper proposes…
Susanne Haridi, Eric Schulz, Mirko Thalmann
Retrieving the relevant information from our knowledge and experiences poses a challenging problem to our memory system. In this study, we explore how retrieval of specific pieces of information from long-term memory is affected by the number of items to be remembered and by the characteristics of retrieval cues.…
Oliver R. Bontkes, Daniela J. Palombo, Eva Rubínová
Memories of repeated events are one form of memory thought to be intermediate on a proposed semantic-episodic continuum. However, it is not yet understood where repeated-event memories fall on this continuum, and which factors may be associated with greater or lesser reliance on episodic and semantic memory during…
Qi Zhang
Declarative memory, or explicit memory, can be fractionated into episodic memory and semantic memory (Tulving, 1972). Episodic memory refers to personally based memories and semantic memory refers to the memory of factual knowledge. The loss of the capacity in retaining episodic memory leads to various amnesias, e.g.…
Yue Wang, Peter Brunner, Jon T Willie, Runnan Cao + 1 more
Object recognition requires integrated processing that extends beyond the visual cortex, incorporating semantic and memory-related processes. However, it remains unclear how different attributes, such as visual, semantic, and memorability features, are encoded and interact during perception. Here, we recorded…
Max A. Kramer, Martin N. Hebart, Chris I. Baker, Wilma A. Bainbridge
What makes certain images more memorable than others? While much of memory research has focused on participant effects, recent studies employing a stimulus-centric perspective have sparked debate on the determinants of memory, including the roles of semantic and visual features and whether the most prototypical or…
Jamie Reilly, Cory Shain, Valentina Borghesani, Philipp Kuhnke + 48 more
'Gabriella Vigliocco' 'Jonathan E. Peelle' 'Bradford Z. Mahon' 'Laurel J. Buxbaum' 'Asifa Majid' 'Marc Brysbaert' 'Anna M. Borghi' 'Simon De Deyne' 'Guy Dove' 'Liuba Papeo' 'Penny M. Pexman' 'David Poeppel' 'Gary Lupyan' 'Paulo Boggio' 'Gregory Hickok' 'Laura Gwilliams' 'Leonardo Fernandino' 'Daniel Mirman' 'Evangelia…
Jiafeng Liang, Hao Li, Chang Li, Jiaqi Zhou + 11 more
JIAFENG LIANG ∗ and HAO LI ∗ , Harbin Institute of Technology, China CHANG LI ∗ and JIAQI ZHOU ∗ , Harbin Institute of Technology, China SHIXIN JIANG and ZEKUN WANG, Harbin Institute of Technology, China CHANGKAI JI, Fudan University, China ZHIHAO ZHU and RUNXUAN LIU, Harbin Institute of Technology, China TAO REN…
Ruizhe Li, Mingxuan Du, Benfeng Xu, Zhendong Mao
Long-term memory systems store what a user says in an external store and retrieve it when a related query arrives. This interface rests on an assumption so natural that it is rarely stated: a memory that is needed will resemble the query that needs it. World knowledge breaks the assumption. A tree-nut allergy should…
Robin Dey, Panyanon Viradecha
MemPalace is an open-source AI memory system that applies the ancient method of loci (memory palace) spatial metaphor to organize long-term memory for large language models; launched in April 2026, it accumulated over 47,000 GitHub stars in its first two weeks and claims state-of-the-art retrieval performance on the…
Rachana Niranjan Murthy, Sai Teja Potu, Akhil Thomas, Lokesh Mishra + 2 more
Retrieving structured materials information from unstructured textual data is essential for data mining and automatically developing comprehensive ontologies. Information extraction is a complex task composed of multiple subtasks and thus often relies on systems of task-specialized language models. A foundation…
Jeff Guo, Philippe Schwaller
Sample efficiency is a fundamental challenge in de novo molecular design. Ideally, molecular generative models should learn to satisfy desired objectives under minimal oracle evaluations (computational prediction or wet-lab experiment). This problem becomes more apparent when using oracles that can provide increased…