18 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Katie A. Gilligan-Lee, Zachary C. K. Hawes, Kelly S. Mix
It is well established that spatial thinking is central to discovery, learning, and communication in mathematics, as indicated by convincing evidence that those with strong spatial skills also demonstrate advantages for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) performance. Yet, spatial thinking-the…
David H. Uttal, Kiley McKee, Nina Simms, Mary Hegarty + 1 more
Spatial thinking skills are associated with performance, persistence, and achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) school subjects. Because STEM knowledge and skills are integral to developing a well-trained workforce within and beyond STEM, spatial skills have become a major focus of…
Jianzhen Zhang, Xiaoyu Liang, Ting Su, Xinyao Li + 3 more
'Zhenni An' 'Yanhua Xu'] Few studies have examined how family capital affects the sense of place, and the effect of spatial thinking on the relationship between the two is unclear. This study constructs a mediation model to examine the impact of family capital on sense of place and the mediation effect of geospatial…
Ilias Stogiannidis, Steven McDonagh, Sotirios A. Tsaftaris
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools, excelling in tasks that integrate visual and textual comprehension, such as image captioning, visual question answering, and image-text retrieval. However, existing benchmarks for VLMs include spatial components, which often fail to isolate spatial…
Zhe Zhang, Yuhan Wu, Lianjie Jia, Yifan Wang + 8 more
Understanding and reasoning about the physical world requires spatial intelligence—the ability to interpret geometry, perspective, and spatial relations beyond 2D perception. While recent vision large models (VLMs) excel at visual understanding, they remain fundamentally 2D perceivers and struggle with genuine 3D…
Kathryn E. Bates, Ashley Y. Williams, Katie A. Gilligan‐Lee, Catherine Gripton + 5 more
Developing proficient spatial skills is an important contributor to mathematics achievement throughout early childhood (Gilligan, Hodgkiss, et al., ; Gilligan, Thomas, & Farran, ; Hawes & Ansari, ; Verdine et al., ). However, from an educational policy perspective, the development of spatial skills is often overlooked…
Weijian Ma, Shizhao Sun, Tianyu Yu, Ruiyu Wang + 2 more
Spatial reasoning—the ability to perceive and reason about relationships in space advances vision–language models (VLMs) from visual perception toward spatial semantic understanding. Existing approaches either revisit local image patches, improving fine-grained perception but weakening global spatial awareness, or mark…
Hannah L. Whitehead, Zachary Hawes
There is an emerging consensus that numerical, executive function (EF), and spatial skills are foundational to children’s mathematical learning and development. Moreover, each skill has been theorized to relate to mathematics for different reasons. Thus, it is possible that each cognitive construct is related to…
Tianshu Xu, Siyu Sun, Qiping Kong
Recent studies have provided convincing evidence highlighting the strong relationship between spatial reasoning and mathematical performance. However, there is a limited body of research exploring the contributions of different spatial reasoning constructs to mathematical performance across various content domains…
Liang, Xun, Guo, Xin + 12 more
The spatial reasoning task aims to reason about the spatial relationships in 2D and 3D space, which is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. Although vision language models (VLMs) have developed rapidly in recent years, they are still struggling with the spatial reasoning task. In…
Arijit Ray, Jiafei Duan, Reuben Tan, Dina Bashkirova + 7 more
Cognitive scientists posit that spatial reasoning is not merely a subset of human cognitive abilities but rather the fundamental underpinnings of most intellectual processes ; spatial reasoning in school children improves their aptitude in geometry, physics, and even linguistic reasoning . Hence, it is perhaps not…
Zoe Falomir
This paper presents a Qualitative model for Reasoning about Object Rotations (QOR) which is applied to solve the Cube Comparison Test (CCT) by Ekstrom et al. (1976). A conceptual neighborhood graph relating the Rotation movement to the Location change and the Orientation change (CNGRLO) of the features on the cube…
James A. Gornet, Matt Thomson
Humans construct internal cognitive maps of their environment directly from sensory inputs without access to a system of explicit coordinates or distance measurements. While machine learning algorithms like SLAM utilize specialized inference procedures to identify visual features and construct spatial maps from visual…
Wang, Shuai, Zhang, Daoan + 8 more
Humans can perceive and understand 3D space and long videos from sequential visual observations. But do visionlanguage models (VLMs) can? Recent work demonstrates that even state-of-the-art VLMs still struggle to understand 3D space and long videos, although they are powerful in typical vision-language tasks. Current…
Xiaoliang Luo, Robert M. Mok, Bradley C. Love
Discoveries of functional cell types, exemplified by the cataloging of spatial cells in the hippocampal formation, are heralded as scientific breakthroughs. We question whether the identification of cell types based on human intuitions has scientific merit and suggest that “spatial cells” may arise in non-spatial…
Artur Pilacinski, Lia Wagner, Gabriel Besson, Maria Joao Matos + 2 more
Non-visual saccades (NVS) are spontaneous eye movements humans make while thinking. Their role is puzzling and there is no framework to explain them in terms of their underlying neural systems. Here we studied neural activity preceding NVS when subjects performed standardized abstract thinking tasks. We used…
Gabriele Di Antonio, Sofia Raglio, Maurizio Mattia
A general mathematical description of the way the brain encodes ordinal knowledge of sequences is still lacking. Coherently with the well-established idea of mixed selectivity in high-dimensional state spaces, we conjectured the existence of a linear solution for serial learning tasks. In this theoretical framework…
Authors not listed
Real-world datasets in chemical engineering and bioengineering processes--such as those from catalytic reactors, multiphase flows, polymerization reactors, bioreactors, and clinical trials--can often be unlabelled or disorganized, rendering the training of existing supervised learning models ineffective at learning the…