20 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Enrico Benedetti, Isaac Alpizar-Chacon, Johan Jeuring
Computational thinking (CT) is regarded as a fundamental skill set everyone should learn. Identifying when and how CT skills are used is challenging but important to inform interventions supporting their development. Previous research has examined how students and experts apply CT skills when solving introductory…
Zhi Liu, Guangzhi Wang
Humans solve complex problems under limited cognitive resources through temporalized sequential reasoning [[31]]. Language relies on problem space search for deep semantic reasoning [[24]]. While early large language models (LLMs) could generate fluent text, they lacked robust semantic reasoning capabilities. Prompting…
Tarun Khajuria, Kadi Tulver, Jaan Aru, Tim Christian Kietzmann
Human vision is not merely a passive process of interpreting sensory input but can also function as a problem-solving process incorporating generative mechanisms to interpret ambiguous or noisy data. This synergy between the generative and discriminative components, often described as analysis-by-synthesis, enables…
Chien-Te Wu, Felix Benjamin Kern, Yu-Shiang Su, Miyoko Street + 1 more
Studying creative problem-solving requires tasks with real-world relevance and minimal domain-specific knowledge. The widely used alternative uses test (AUT) meets these criteria but primarily measures divergent thinking-generating many ideas without immediate judgment. However, creative problem-solving also requires…
Cameron Rouse Turner, Evan M. Russek, Amanda Seed, Emma Suvi McEwen + 3 more
A diversity of intelligences arises from the constraints under which animals evolve. However, characterizing how constraints shape intelligence is challenging because it requires relating the restrictions on cognitive mechanisms to those that affect their evolution. We demonstrate the potentially complex interaction…
Lisa Fontana, Sofia Bolcato, Julia Penndorf, Lucy M Aplin
Why some species thrive in urban environments while others do not is a central question in behavioral ecology. Behavioral innovations has been proposed as a key mechanism facilitating this adaptation. At the individual level, innovativeness varies with cognitive and behavioral traits. However, at the population level…
Morgan J. Williams, Ellie J. Williamson, Samantha Jane Brooks
3.1### Evidence summary: task characteristics Across the included studies, Sudoku tasks ranged from simplified 4 × 4 puzzles to standard 9 × 9 grids with 3 × 3 sub grids, reflecting differences in task difficulty and potentially cognitive load. One study () implemented the traditional 9 × 9 grid format, whilst five…
Linas Nasvytis, Judith E. Fan
Many problems seem to require a flash of insight to solve. What form do these sudden insights take, and what impact do they have on how people approach similar problems in the future? In this work, we prompted participants (N = 189) to think aloud as they attempted to solve a sequence of five "matchstick-arithmetic"…
Pujue Wang, Jiayi Cheng, Hongyun Liu, Gengfeng Niu + 3 more
Data-driven approaches have emerged as powerful tools for analyzing process data. This study focuses on two data-driven methods: n-gram chi-square feature selection for extracting key action segments and K-medoids clustering combined with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance for identifying behavioral patterns. To…
Priyanka Kargupta, Shuyue Stella Li, Haocheng Wang, Jinu Lee + 8 more
Large language models (LLMs) solve complex problems yet fail on simpler variants, suggesting they achieve correct outputs through mechanisms fundamentally different from human reasoning. To understand this gap, we synthesize cognitive science research into a taxonomy of 28 cognitive elements spanning reasoning…
Vladimir Spiridonov, Maria Erofeeva, Nils Klowait, Maxim Morozov + 1 more
Interactive problem solving has been proposed as an experimental manipulation that significantly increases the success of solving various matchstick algebra problems by allowing solvers to interact with physical representations of the problems. In contrast to this claim, we hypothesized that the influence of…
Yaniv Ohayon, Ofir Itzhak Shahar, Ohad Ben‐Shahar
Jigsaw puzzle solving requires the rearrangement of unordered pieces into their original pose in order to reconstruct a coherent whole, often an image, and is known to be an intractable problem. While the possible impact of automatic puzzle solvers can be disruptive in various application domains, most of the…
Kotaro Yamashiro, Takamitsu Iwata, Yuji Ikegaya, Yasushi Iimura + 11 more
Insight is a sudden transition from uncertainty to awareness of a solution, often preceded by non-conscious processing. Despite the ubiquity of insights in human cognition, the neural mechanisms underlying this pre-conscious restructuring phase remain largely unknown. Recent theoretical frameworks suggest that the…
Peng Chen, Jing Liangb, Kangjia Qiao, Hui Song + 4 more
> a School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China b School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China c School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia d Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471000…
Misako Kimura, Yuuki Matsushita, Masayo Inoue, Shigeto Seno + 5 more
Insight is often described as a sudden shift in or formation of a conceptual representation, enabling humans to restructure existing knowledge and solve problems beyond conventional analytical approaches. Although prior computational studies have modeled aspects of insight using deep neural networks (DNNs) or…
Authors not listed
This work establishes theoretical foundations for hierarchical quantum-classical algorithm design, where complex problems are decomposed across multiple spatial, temporal, or organizational scales with quantum and classical computation assigned to appropriate levels. We develop a mathematical framework that…
Sebastijan Veselic, Nour Mohsen, Lennart Luettgau, Elena Gutierrez + 5 more
Reasoning flexibly composes known elements to solve novel problems. Recent theories suggest the brain uses the axis of time to compose elements for reasoning. In this view, elements are packaged into fast neural sequences, with each sequence exploring the implications of a different composition. Using…
Shannon R. McWaters, James J. Kearsley, David W. Kikuchi, Timothy J. Polnaszek + 1 more
The ability of animals to innovate - solve novel problems - can shape their ecology and evolution. Here we investigate how individual traits and environmental complexity relate to successful solving of a novel problem. We presented foraging bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) with artificial flowers of…
Authors not listed
Machine olfaction—the artificial replication of the sense of smell—faces significant challenges due to the absence of large, standardized training datasets. Unlike vision, language, and audio models, which benefit from extensive corpora such as ImageNet, GLUE, and AudioSet, olfaction lacks scaled equivalents and…
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This paper introduces Post-Inspection Analysis (PIA), a concept for understanding and reverse engineering balanced equations of similar reactions. Here we explore the idea that balanced equations contain useable information observed by grouping and analysing similar equations, allowing us to uncover observations that…