24 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Santiago Herce Castañon, Christopher R. Stephens
Predicting and understanding behaviour is a primary objective of many disciplines, especially human behaviour, as it is the cause of many of the world’s most pressing problems. Although it is a fundamental concept in multiple disciplines, there is no agreed operational definition of what it is. Neither is there a…
Adam Calhoun, Ahmed El Hady
Studying ‘behavior’ lies at the heart of many disciplines. Nevertheless, academics rarely provide an explicit definition of what ‘behavior’ actually is. What range of definitions do people use, and how does that vary across disciplines? To answer these questions we have developed a survey to probe what constitutes…
Dominika Kwasnicka, Stephan U Dombrowski, Martin White, Falko Sniehotta
'Falko Sniehotta'] Title: ABSTRACT Background: Behaviour change interventions are effective in supporting individuals in achieving temporary behaviour change. Behaviour change maintenance, however, is rarely attained. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise current theoretical explanations for behaviour…
Alex Gomez-Marin, Joseph J. Paton, Adam R. Kampff, Rui M. Costa + 1 more
Behavior is a unifying organismal process where genes, neural function, anatomy and environment converge and interrelate. Here we review the current state and discuss the future impact of accelerating advances in technology for behavioral studies, focusing on rodents as an exemplar. We frame our perspective in three…
André EX Brown, Benjamin de Bivort
Behaviour is the ultimate output of an animal’s nervous system and choosing the right action at the right time can be critical for survival. A quantitative understanding of behaviour would therefore advance research in neuroscience as well as ecology and evolution. However, animal posture typically has many degrees of…
Rodrigo J. De Marco
This article examines how early twentieth-century comparative psychology treated behaviour as a primary site for studying regulation, dysfunction, and adaptation, using experimental neurosis as a historical case study. Beginning with Pavlov’s observation that dogs exposed to irresolvable conflict developed persistent…
Patrick Holthaus, Trenton Schulz, Gabriella Lakatos, Rebekka Soma
We present a new typology for classifying signals from robots when they communicate with humans. For inspiration, we use ethology, the study of animal behaviour and previous efforts from literature as guides in defining the typology. The typology is based on communicative signals that consist of five properties: the…
Alan J. Hamlet, Carl D. Crane
There are many situations in which it would be beneficial for a robot to have predictive abilities similar to those of rational humans. Some of these situations include collaborative robots, robots in adversarial situations, and for dynamic obstacle avoidance. This paper presents an approach to modeling behaviors of…
Kieran Greer
This paper1 describes a metric for measuring the success of a complex system composed of agents performing autonomous behaviours. Because of the difficulty in evaluating such systems, this metric will help to give an initial indication as to how suitable the agents would be for solving the problem. The system is…
Marian Stamp Dawkins, Xavier Manteca
Simple Summary The term ‘natural behaviour’ is widely used by food companies to advertise their animal welfare credentials but the public needs to be made aware that there is no necessary connecton between naturalness and good welfare. Some natural behaviour contributes to good welfare but others, such as being chased…
Paul Eelen
This manuscript is part of a special issue to commemorate professor Paul Eelen, who passed away on August 21, 2016. Paul was a clinically oriented scientist, for whom learning principles (Pavlovian or operant) were more than salivary responses and lever presses. His expertise in learning psychology and his enthusiasm…
Valerio Capraro, Matjaž Perc
Methods of statistical physics have proven valuable for studying the evolution of cooperation in social dilemma games. However, recent empirical research shows that cooperative behavior in social dilemmas is only one kind of a more general class of behavior, namely moral behavior, which includes reciprocity, respecting…
Jilly Naaijen, Leandra M Mulder, Shahrzad Ilbegi, Sanne de Bruijn + 26 more
Maladaptive aggression, as present in conduct disorder (CD) and, to a lesser extent, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), has been associated with structural alterations in various brain regions, such as ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), amygdala, insula and ventral striatum.…
Alois Ferscha, Katayoun Farrahi, Jeroen van den Hoven, David Hales + 3 more
'Andrzej Nowak' 'Paul Lukowicz' 'Dirk Helbing'] Abstract. Modern ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has developed a vision where the "computer" is no longer associated with the concept of a single device or a network of devices, but rather the entirety of situated services originating in a digital world…
René Mellema, Maarten Jensen, Frank Dignum
When creating (open) agent systems it has become common practice to use social concepts such as social practices, norms and conventions to model the way the interactions between the agents are regulated. However, in the literature most papers concentrate on only one of these aspects at the time. Therefore there is…
Authors not listed
Machine olfaction—the artificial replication of the sense of smell—faces significant challenges due to the absence of large, standardized training datasets. Unlike vision, language, and audio models, which benefit from extensive corpora such as ImageNet, GLUE, and AudioSet, olfaction lacks scaled equivalents and…
Yuta Kimura, Shintaro Kobayashi, Shogo Kawaguchi, Koji Ohara + 4 more
The solidification of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by replacing liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes enables the development of new-class LIBs, namely all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs), with improved safety and energy density. Such battery solidification can greatly influence the properties of…
Belinda Boehm, Christopher McNeill, David Huang
Understanding the solution-phase behaviour of organic semiconducting polymers is important for systematically improving the performance of devices based on solution-processed thin films of these molecules. Conventional polymer theory predicts that polymer conformations become more compact as solvent quality decreases…
Timothy A. Allen, Michael N. Hallquist, Alexandre Y. Dombrovski
The evolution of human social cognitive capacities such as mentalizing was associated with the expansion of frontoparietal cortical networks, particularly the default network. Mentalizing supports prosocial behaviors, but recent evidence indicates it may also serve a darker side of human social behavior. Using a…
Cailin O’Connor
Why are we good? Why are we bad? Questions regarding the evolution of morality have spurred an astoundingly large interdisciplinary literature. Some significant subset of this body of work addresses questions regarding our moral psychology: how did humans evolve the psychological properties which underpin our systems…
Emma Wolpert, Kim Jelfs
How molecules pack has vital ramifications for their applications as functional molecular materials. Small changes in a molecule’s functionality can lead to large, non-intuitive, changes in their global solid-state packing, resulting in difficulty in targeted design. Predicting the crystal structure of organic…
Authors not listed
Cholesterol gallstone formation requires supersaturation of bile with cholesterol, commonly quantified by the cholesterol saturation index (CSI). While supersaturation of bile with cholesterol is a necessary prerequisite for cholesterol precipitation, bile samples with comparable cholesterol saturation index (CSI)…
Stavros Anagnou, Daniel Polani, Christoph Salge
Breaking a norm elicits both material and emotional consequences, yet how this coupling arose evolutionarily remains unclear. We investigate this question in light of emerging work suggesting that normativity's building blocks emerged earlier in evolution than previously considered, arguing that normative processes…
Nealan G. A. Gerrebos, Julia Zaks, Florence K. A. Gregson, Max Walton-Raaby + 4 more
Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) is a major contributor to organic aerosol in the atmosphere. The impacts of BBOA on climate and health depend strongly on their physicochemical properties, including viscosity and phase behaviour (number and types of phases); these properties, and their relationships to BBOA…