24 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
José Carlos Vázquez-Parra, Marco Cruz-Sandoval, Paloma Suárez-Brito
Complex thinking is a cognitive skill that focuses on the integrated analysis and synthesis of information with a systemic and critical perspective that enables creative decision-making in the face of complex realities or challenges. At the educational level, it is valued as a transdisciplinary competency, meaning it…
Jose Jaime Baena-Rojas, María Soledad Ramírez-Montoya, Diego Mauricio Mazo-Cuervo, Edgar Omar López-Caudana
'Diego Mauricio Mazo-Cuervo' 'Edgar Omar López-Caudana'] The purpose of this research is to contextualize the behavior of publications on complex thinking in education. A total of 428 documents compiled in Scopus from 1937 to 2022 were analyzed with a bibliometric study considering criteria such as “complex thinking”…
Goran Calic, Sébastien Hélie
Paradoxes are an unavoidable part of work life. The unusualness of attempting to simultaneously satisfy contradictory imperatives can result in creative outcomes that simultaneously satisfy both imperatives by inducing search for, and selection of, novel and useful solutions. Likewise, extant research suggests that…
Jeannette M. Wing
Computational thinking will influence everyone in every field of endeavour. This vision poses a new educational challenge for our society, especially for our children. In thinking about computing, we need to be attuned to the three drivers of our field: science, technology and society. Accelerating technological…
J. E. (Hans). Korteling, G. C. van de Boer-Visschedijk, R. A. M. Blankendaal, R. C. Boonekamp + 1 more
AI is one of the most debated subjects of today and there seems little common understanding concerning the differences and similarities of human intelligence and artificial intelligence. Discussions on many relevant topics, such as trustworthiness, explainability, and ethics are characterized by implicit…
Alexander V. Lebedev, Jonna Nilsson, Martin Lövdén
Researchers have proposed that solving complex reasoning problems, a key indicator of fluid intelligence, involves the same cognitive processes as solving working memory tasks. This proposal is supported by an overlap of the functional brain activations associated with the two types of tasks and by high correlations…
Alice Chirico, Andrea Gaggioli
At the methodological level, [Balsamo et al.]() proposed a new framework for validating emotional stimuli suitable for experimental testing, which takes into account the complex interplay between emotions and their evolutionary function (in terms of elicitors' relevance and salience), overcoming standard dimensional…
Yuchen Yan, Yongliang Shen, Yang Liu, Jin Jiang + 3 more
'Jian Shao' 'Yueting Zhuang'] Advanced reasoning in large language models has achieved remarkable performance on challenging tasks, but the prevailing long-context reasoning paradigm faces critical limitations: quadratic computational scaling with sequence length, reasoning constrained by maximum context boundaries…
Juan Pablo Franco, Peter Bossaerts, Carsten Murawski
Many everyday tasks require people to solve computationally complex problems. However, little is known about the effects of computational hardness on the neural processes associated with solving such problems. Here, we draw on computational complexity theory to address this issue. We performed an experiment in which…
Arvind W. Kiwelekar, Swanand Navandar, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
Computational Thinking (CT) has emerged as one of the vital thinking skills in recent times, especially for Science, Technology, Engineering and Management (STEM) graduates. Educators are in search of underlying cognitive models against which CT can be analyzed and evaluated. This paper suggests adopting Kahneman's…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Authors not listed
In philosophy and science, a first principle is a basic proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption. Ancient Greek philosophy Aristotle defined the first principle as “the first basis from which a thing is known.” First principles thinking (or reasoning from first…
Juste Raimbault
Several approaches and corresponding definitions of complexity have been developed in different fields. Urban systems are the archetype of complex socio-technical systems concerned with these different viewpoints. We suggest in this chapter some links between three types of complexity, namely emergence, computational…
Woo-Tek Lee, Eliot Hazeltine, Jiefeng Jiang
Task knowledge is encoded hierarchically such that complex tasks are composed of simpler tasks. This compositional organization also supports generalization to facilitate learning of related but novel complex tasks. To study how the brain implements composition and generalization in hierarchical task learning, we…
Delali Konu, Brontë Mckeown, Adam Turnbull, Nerissa Siu Ping Ho + 5 more
Previous research suggests that patterns of ongoing thought are heterogeneous, varying across situations and individuals. The current study investigated the influence of a wide range of tasks and individual affective style on ongoing patterns of thought. In total, we used 9 different tasks and measured ongoing thought…
Kristina Šekrst, Sandro Skansi
Even though it is only a thesis, not just unproven, but by definition, unprovable, the Church-Turing thesis has spearheaded research in computability for decades. At its core, it is a definition, whose task is to define in precise terms what it means to be "computable". But it is not called a "definition" because it is…
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Step-by-step thinking is essential in all domains of chemical sciences and engineering. While machine learning tools are broadly used, algorithms that automate reasoning are far less common. We elaborate on seven categories of human reasoning activities and connect each to applications in chemical science and…
Liane Gabora
Convergent and divergent thought are promoted as key constructs of creativity. Convergent thought is defined and measured in terms of the ability to perform on tasks where there is one correct solution, and divergent thought is defined and measured in terms of the ability to generate multiple solutions. However, these…
Ankit Yadav, Arpan Banerjee, Dipanjan Roy
Internally directed attention (IDA), whether spontaneous or intentional, has been associated with impaired performance on externally directed cognitive tasks. Yet, the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning this disruption remain poorly understood. In the present study, we characterized the neural correlates of IDA…
Artur Pilacinski, Lia Wagner, Gabriel Besson, Maria Joao Matos + 2 more
Non-visual saccades (NVS) are spontaneous eye movements humans make while thinking. Their role is puzzling and there is no framework to explain them in terms of their underlying neural systems. Here we studied neural activity preceding NVS when subjects performed standardized abstract thinking tasks. We used…
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The Socratic method, grounded in iterative questioning and critical dialogue, offers a compelling framework for leveraging large language models (LLMs) to advance scientific reasoning and discovery in chemistry and materials science. In this paper, we explore how Socratic principles can be integrated into prompt…
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) structure determination is an important problem in education, industry, and research. Solving NMR spectra requires expert knowledge, critical thinking, and careful evaluation of multiple features of spectral data. This study explores the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for…
ALESSANDRO ALIPRANDI, Dario Alessi, Luca Morgan, Elisa Pelorosso + 1 more
Self-organization is a key pathway to achieving high levels of matter complexity. However, an energy-consuming active process, such as a dissipative regime, is essential for adaptation and evolution to occur. In this study, we transform the passive self-organization of a luminescent square planar Pt(II) complex into an…
Andrew McCluskey, Miguel Rivera, Antonia Mey
The role of computing in the chemical sciences is changing. Previously the domain of the theoretical or computational chemist, advanced digital skills, including data analysis and simulation, are becoming extremely relevant to all. Here, we discuss the importance of integrating computing and digital skills into an…