25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Eyal Gruntman, Sandro Romani, Michael B. Reiser
The direction of visual motion in Drosophila is computed by separate pathways for moving ON and OFF features. The 4^th^ order neurons T4 (ON) and T5 (OFF) are the first neurons in their respective pathways to extract a directionally selective response from their non-selective inputs. Recent functional studies have…
Aurel Vasile Martiniuc, Alois Knoll
The information regarding visual stimulus is encoded in spike trains at the output of retina by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Among these, the directional selective cells (DSRGC) are signaling the direction of stimulus motion. DSRGCs' spike trains show accentuated periods of short interspike intervals (ISIs) framed by…
Maesoon Im, Shelley I. Fried
The ON-OFF directionally selective cells of the retina respond preferentially to movement in a preferred direction, but under laboratory conditions they are also sensitive to changes in the luminance of the stationary stimulus. If the response of these neurons contains information about both direction and luminance…
Alexander Borst, Jürgen Haag, Alex S. Mauss
Detecting the direction of image motion is a fundamental component of visual computation, essential for survival of the animal. However, at the level of individual photoreceptors, the direction in which the image is shifting is not explicitly represented. Rather, directional motion information needs to be extracted…
Malak El-Quessny, Marla B. Feller
Throughout the nervous system, the organization of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs within a neuron’s receptive field shapes its output computation. In some cases, multiple motifs of synaptic organization can contribute to a single computation. Here, we compare two of these mechanisms performed by two…
Anthony D Lien, Massimo Scanziani
Detecting the direction of an object’s motion is essential for our representation of the visual environment. Visual cortex is one of the main stages in the mammalian nervous system where motion direction may be computed de novo. Experiments and theories indicate that cortical neurons respond selectively to motion…
Wirtensohn, Sami, Flenner, Silja + 26 more
Dark-field X-ray imaging visualizes structural inhomogeneities through smallangle scattering, but existing directional methods are confined to the micrometer scale. While recent advances have extended dark-field capabilities to nanoscale transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM), directional scattering retrieval – critical…
Mathew T. Summers, Marla B. Feller
The sensory periphery is responsible for detecting ethologically relevant features of the external world, using compact, predominantly feedforward circuits. Visual motion is a particularly prevalent sensory feature, the presence of which can be a signal to enact diverse behaviors ranging from gaze stabilization…
Yichen Shen, Ivan Čelanović, John D. Joannopoulos, Marin Soljačić
We demonstrate how broadband angular selectivity can be achieved with stacks of onedimensionally periodic photonic crystals, each consisting of alternating isotropic layers and effective anisotropic layers, where each effective anisotropic layer is constructed from a multilayered metamaterial. We show that by simply…
Victoria L. Hamlin, Jamie Baumann, Reiley Heffern, Alaina Franke + 1 more
Learning and memory are fundamental complex traits that allow for assessment and response to changes in their environment. Beyond cognition, these high order traits require several subcomponents, from sensory perception to motor output, in order to execute the intended response to a stimulus. Within the population, we…
Ya-tang Li, Zeynep Turan, Markus Meister
Motion vision is important in guiding animal behavior. Both the retina and the visual cortex process object motion in largely unbiased fashion: all directions are represented at all locations in the visual field. We investigate motion processing in the superior colliculus of the awake mouse, by optically recording…
Revant Adlakha, M. Moghaddaszadeh, M. A. Attarzadeh, Amjad J. Aref + 1 more
'Mostafa Nouh'] Acoustic phased arrays are capable of steering and focusing a beam of sound via selective coordination of the spatial distribution of phase angles between multiple sound emitters. Constrained by the principle of reciprocity, conventional phased arrays exhibit identical transmission and reception…
Yuqiong Cheng, Kayode Adedotun Oyesina, Bo Xue, Dangyuan Lei + 2 more
'Alex M. H. Wong' 'Shubo Wang'] Title: Significance Achieving directional radiation and scattering of light with minimal optical structures is crucial to many applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics. We propose and experimentally realize a directional dipole dice by the synergy of chirality and anisotropy…
Authors not listed
The directing group-based strategy has been highly effective for site-selective functionalization of alkenes, carbonyls, C−H bonds, C−C bonds, etc., but not yet known for unactivated aromatic π-systems. On the other hand, catalytic hydrogenation of arenes to the corresponding saturated carbo- or heterocycles provides a…
Dominic J. Vita, Fernanda S. Orsi, Nathan G. Stanko, Natalie A. Clark + 1 more
Orientation or axial selectivity, the property of neurons in the visual system to respond preferentially to certain angles of a visual stimuli, plays a pivotal role in our understanding of visual perception and information processing. This computation is performed as early as the retina, and although much work has…
Amer Abu Arisheh, Jeffrey A. Nanzer
Amplitude Based Directional Modulation Authors: ['Amer Abu Arisheh' 'Jeffrey A. Nanzer'] Abstract—We present a new approach to secure wireless operations using a simple dipole antenna with a dynamic unbalanced feeding structure. By rapidly switching between two states, a dynamic radiation pattern is generated…
Peter R. Wiecha, Clément Majorel, Christian Girard, Aurélien Cuche + 3 more
'Vincent Paillard' 'Otto L. Muskens' 'Arnaud Arbouet'] Abstract: We demonstrate inverse design of plasmonic nanoantennas for directional light scattering. Our method is based on a combination of full-field electrodynamical simulations via the Green dyadic method and evolutionary optimization (EO). Without any initial…
Dominic J. Vita, Fernanda S. Orsi, Nathan G. Stanko, Natalie A. Clark + 1 more
'Natalie A. Clark' 'Alexandre Tiriac'] Orientation or axial selectivity, the property of neurons in the visual system to respond preferentially to certain angles of visual stimuli, plays a pivotal role in our understanding of visual perception and information processing. This computation is performed as early as the…
Ninad B. Kothari, Wen-Kai You, Arunima Banerjee, Qingcheng Zhang + 1 more
Animal behavior at any instant is guided by information from only a subset of the plethora of stimuli in their sensory environments. The neural circuit mechanisms that select a behaviorally relevant ‘target’ from one location while ignoring distracting stimuli from all others remain unclear. Here, we report the…
Weiye Xu, Handong Xu, Fukun Liu
A coupling tunable D-band directional coupler is designed based on a novel coupling grid structure proposed in this letter. The designed directional coupler has excellent performance with ultra-wideband. The coupling can be tuned from -28.2 dB to -33.2 dB at 140 GHz by changing the angle of the coupling grid, and the…
Hama Nadhom, Robert Boyd, Polla Rouf, Daniel Lundin + 1 more
Area selective deposition (ASD) of films only on desired areas of the substrate opens for less complex fabrication of nanoscaled electronics. We show that a newly developed CVD method, where plasma electrons are used as the reducing agent in deposition of metallic thin films, is inherently area selective from the…
Authors not listed
—Superdirective (supergain) antennas aim to produce a narrow main beam from radiators that are electrically small compared with the wavelength. Instead of enlarging the physical aperture, they rely on strongly coupled currents, near-field energy storage, and controlled modal interference so that a compact structure…
Authors not listed
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are widely used for rapid, point-of-care diagnostics but struggle with sensitivity in part due to passive migration and interference from high-abundance serum proteins. Here, we introduce the Lateral Isotachophoresis-Guided Migration Analysis (LIGMA) assay, a novel diagnostic platform that…
Stephen Goldup, Ivan Aprahamian
All chemists are familiar with the idea that, at equilibrium steady state, the relative concentrations of species present in a system are predicted by the corresponding equilibrium constants, which are in turn related to the relative free energy difference of the system components. There is also no net flux between…
Justus T. Metternich, Sujit K. Patjoshi, Tanuja Kistwal, Sebastian Kruss
Optical sensors/probes are powerful tools to identify and image (biological) molecules. Because of their optoelectronic properties, nanomaterials are often used as building blocks. Such nanosensors are assembled from an optically sensitive nanomaterial, a (biological) recognition unit, and linker chemistry that…