27 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Mathew T. Summers, Marla B. Feller
The sensory periphery is responsible for detecting ethologically relevant features of the external world, using compact, predominantly feedforward circuits. Visual motion is a particularly prevalent sensory feature, the presence of which can be a signal to enact diverse behaviors ranging from gaze stabilization…
Anindya Ghosh, Sarah Nicholas, Karin Nordström, Thomas Nowotny + 2 more
Many animals use visual motion cues to track and pursue small, fast-moving targets, such as prey or conspecifics. In target-pursuing insects, including dragonflies and hoverflies, Small Target Motion Detector (STMD) neurons are found in the optic lobes and are believed to be presynaptic to Target Selective Descending…
Alon Poleg-Polsky
Motion direction detection is a fundamental visual computation that transforms spatial luminance patterns into directionally tuned outputs. Classical models of direction selectivity rely on temporal asymmetry, where motion detection arises through either delayed excitation or inhibition. Here, I used biologically…
Wirtensohn, Sami, Flenner, Silja + 26 more
Dark-field X-ray imaging visualizes structural inhomogeneities through smallangle scattering, but existing directional methods are confined to the micrometer scale. While recent advances have extended dark-field capabilities to nanoscale transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM), directional scattering retrieval – critical…
Victoria L. Hamlin, Jamie Baumann, Reiley Heffern, Alaina Franke + 1 more
Learning and memory are fundamental complex traits that allow for assessment and response to changes in their environment. Beyond cognition, these high order traits require several subcomponents, from sensory perception to motor output, in order to execute the intended response to a stimulus. Within the population, we…
Bo Wang, Yifeng Zhang, Jonathan Demb
Motion is an important aspect of visual information. The directions of visual motion are encoded in the retina by direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs). ON-OFF DSGCs and ON DSGCs co-stratify with starburst amacrine cells (SACs) in the inner plexiform layer and depend on SACs for their direction selectivity. J-type…
Yeon Jin Kim, Beth B. Peterson, Joanna D. Crook, Hannah R. Joo + 11 more
'Jiajia Wu' 'Christian Puller' 'Farrel R. Robinson' 'Paul D. Gamlin' 'King-Wai Yau' 'Felix Viana' 'John B. Troy' 'Robert G. Smith' 'Orin S. Packer' 'Peter B. Detwiler' 'Dennis M. Dacey'] From mouse to primate, there is a striking discontinuity in our current understanding of the neural coding of motion direction. In…
Zhewen He, María Florencia González Fleitas, Raikhangul Gabdrashova, Sylvia Schröder
In mouse superior colliculus (SC), neurons are robustly tuned to motion direction and orientation, but it remains controversial whether these preferences are spatially organized, and how this organization relates to that found in the retinal input to the SC. We addressed these questions by combining two-photon calcium…
Fredrik Rusek, Jose Flordelis, Kun Zhao, Erik Bengtsson + 1 more
Permutation Authors: ['Fredrik Rusek' 'Jose Flordelis' 'Kun Zhao' 'Erik Bengtsson' 'Olof Zander'] Abstract—A standard reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can be configured to reflect signals from an arbitrary impinging direction to an arbitrary outgoing direction. However, if a signal impinges from any other…
Zixuan Deng, Wei Wei
Visual direction selectivity is typically studied using coherent, unidirectional stimuli. However, natural vision involves more complex, heterogeneous motion fields generated by self-motion and moving objects. How visual circuits extract direction information from these motion fields is not fully understood. Here, we…
Ziwei Fan, Taeseung Hwang, Sam Lin, Yixin Chen + 1 more
Thermal radiation is intrinsically broadband, incoherent and non-directional. The ability to beam thermal energy preferentially in one direction is not only of fundamental importance, but it will enable high radiative efficiency critical for many thermal sensing, imaging, and energy devices. Over the years, different…
Yuqiong Cheng, Kayode Adedotun Oyesina, Bo Xue, Dangyuan Lei + 2 more
'Alex M. H. Wong' 'Shubo Wang'] Title: Significance Achieving directional radiation and scattering of light with minimal optical structures is crucial to many applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics. We propose and experimentally realize a directional dipole dice by the synergy of chirality and anisotropy…
Suryadeep Dash, Vikram B. Baliga, Anthony B. Lapsansky, Douglas R. Wylie + 1 more
'Douglas R. Wylie' 'Douglas L. Altshuler'] The pretectum of vertebrates contains neurons responsive to global visual motion. These signals are sent to the cerebellum, forming a subcortical pathway for processing optic flow. Global motion neurons exhibit selectivity for both direction and speed, but this is usually…
Authors not listed
The directing group-based strategy has been highly effective for site-selective functionalization of alkenes, carbonyls, C−H bonds, C−C bonds, etc., but not yet known for unactivated aromatic π-systems. On the other hand, catalytic hydrogenation of arenes to the corresponding saturated carbo- or heterocycles provides a…
Dominic J. Vita, Fernanda S. Orsi, Nathan G. Stanko, Natalie A. Clark + 1 more
Orientation or axial selectivity, the property of neurons in the visual system to respond preferentially to certain angles of a visual stimuli, plays a pivotal role in our understanding of visual perception and information processing. This computation is performed as early as the retina, and although much work has…
Amer Abu Arisheh, Jeffrey A. Nanzer
Amplitude Based Directional Modulation Authors: ['Amer Abu Arisheh' 'Jeffrey A. Nanzer'] Abstract—We present a new approach to secure wireless operations using a simple dipole antenna with a dynamic unbalanced feeding structure. By rapidly switching between two states, a dynamic radiation pattern is generated…
Dominic J. Vita, Fernanda S. Orsi, Nathan G. Stanko, Natalie A. Clark + 1 more
'Natalie A. Clark' 'Alexandre Tiriac'] Orientation or axial selectivity, the property of neurons in the visual system to respond preferentially to certain angles of visual stimuli, plays a pivotal role in our understanding of visual perception and information processing. This computation is performed as early as the…
Ninad B. Kothari, Wen-Kai You, Arunima Banerjee, Qingcheng Zhang + 1 more
Animal behavior at any instant is guided by information from only a subset of the plethora of stimuli in their sensory environments. The neural circuit mechanisms that select a behaviorally relevant ‘target’ from one location while ignoring distracting stimuli from all others remain unclear. Here, we report the…
Omer Mano, Minseung Choi, Ryosuke Tanaka, Matthew S. Creamer + 5 more
Locomotor movements cause visual images to be displaced across the eye, a retinal slip that is counteracted by stabilizing reflexes in many animals. In insects, optomotor turning causes the animal to turn in the direction of rotating visual stimuli, thereby reducing retinal slip and stabilizing trajectories through the…
Sang-Ah Yoo, Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo, Stefan Treue, John K. Tsotsos + 1 more
'John K. Tsotsos' 'Mazyar Fallah'] Background Feature-based attention prioritizes the processing of the attended feature while strongly suppressing the processing of nearby ones. This creates a non-linearity or “attentional suppressive surround” predicted by the Selective Tuning model of visual attention. However…
Authors not listed
Developing a controlled, defect-free, and spatially selective deposition of molecular and hybrid thin films on 2D materials remains a key challenge for their integration into multifunctional optoelectronic systems due to their surface inertness. Here, we demonstrate area-selective atomic/molecular layer deposition of…
Adam Fisch, Tommi Jaakkola, Regina Barzilay
Selective classification allows models to abstain from making predictions (e.g., say "I don't know") when in doubt in order to obtain better effective accuracy. While typical selective models can be effective at producing more accurate predictions on average, they may still allow for wrong predictions that have high…
Authors not listed
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are widely used for rapid, point-of-care diagnostics but struggle with sensitivity in part due to passive migration and interference from high-abundance serum proteins. Here, we introduce the Lateral Isotachophoresis-Guided Migration Analysis (LIGMA) assay, a novel diagnostic platform that…
Authors not listed
We propose and establish a new catalytic paradigm—\textbf{Optical Fiber Chemistry (OFC)}—as the fourth generation of catalysis after thermocatalysis, electro-/photocatalysis, and photoelectrochemical synergy. OFC is a \textbf{multilayer interfacial chemistry} (planar or curved), with the sandwich-structured optical…
Lucas Monteiro Paes, Dennis Wei, Flavio P. Calmon
Feature attribution methods explain black-box machine learning (ML) models by assigning importance scores to input features. These methods can be computationally expensive for large ML models. To address this challenge, there has been increasing efforts to develop amortized explainers, where a machine learning model is…
Stephen Goldup, Ivan Aprahamian
All chemists are familiar with the idea that, at equilibrium steady state, the relative concentrations of species present in a system are predicted by the corresponding equilibrium constants, which are in turn related to the relative free energy difference of the system components. There is also no net flux between…
Justus T. Metternich, Sujit K. Patjoshi, Tanuja Kistwal, Sebastian Kruss
Optical sensors/probes are powerful tools to identify and image (biological) molecules. Because of their optoelectronic properties, nanomaterials are often used as building blocks. Such nanosensors are assembled from an optically sensitive nanomaterial, a (biological) recognition unit, and linker chemistry that…