22 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Robert Abela, Mark Vella
—Exploits constitute malware in the form of application inputs. They take advantage of security vulnerabilities inside programs in order to yield execution control to attackers. The root cause of successful exploitation lies in emergent functionality introduced when programs are compiled and loaded in memory for…
Nikolaos Koutroumpouchos, Christoforos Ntantogian, Christos Xenakis
TrustZone-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) have been utilized extensively for the implementation of security-oriented solutions for several smart intra and inter-connected devices. Although TEEs have been promoted as the starting point for establishing a device root of trust, a number of published attacks…
Manuel Poisson, Valérie Viêt Triêm Tông, Gilles Guette, Frédéric Guihéry + 1 more
'Frédéric Guihéry' 'Damien Crémilleux'] Abstract—In cybersecurity, CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) are publicly disclosed hardware or software vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are documented and listed in the NVD database maintained by the NIST. Knowledge of the CVEs impacting an information system…
Haitham Ameen Noman, Osama M. F. Abu-Sharkh, Gianluigi Ferrari
The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed various domains in our lives by enabling seamless communication and data exchange between interconnected devices, necessitating robust networking infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of code injection attacks in IoT, focusing on the wireless domain.…
Karima Chakroun, David Mathar, Antonius Wiehler, Florian Ganzer + 1 more
A central issue in reinforcement learning and decision-making is whether to exploit knowledge of reward values, or to explore novel options. Although it is widely hypothesized that dopamine neurotransmission plays a key role in regulating this balance, causal evidence for a role of dopamine in human exploration is…
Fengyu Liu, Jiarun Dai, Yihe Fan, Wuyuao Mai + 10 more
Frontier AI systems are increasingly capable of cybersecurity tasks, including codebase inspection, vulnerability detection, and exploitation. However, evaluating their offensive capabilities remains constrained by limited access to open, reproducible, multi-host cyber ranges. Existing public benchmarks capture…
Daniel Sazhin, Abraham Dachs, David V. Smith
Explore-exploit research faces challenges in generalizability due to a limited theoretical basis for exploration and exploitation. Neuroimaging can help identify whether explore-exploit decisions involve an opponent processing system to address this issue. Thus, we conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis (N=23…
Mingyu Song, Zahy Bnaya, Wei Ji Ma
Balancing exploration and exploitation is a fundamental aspect of decision-making. It remains unknown whether people are close to optimal in striking this balance, and if not, how exactly their behavior deviates from optimality. Many existing paradigms are not ideally suited to answer this question, as they contain…
Neal Wagner, Suresh K. Damodaran, Michael Reavey, Rongxing Lu
Optimal sensor placement (OSP) is concerned with determining a configuration for a collection of sensors, including sensor type, number, and location, that yields the best evaluation according to a predefined measure of efficacy. Central to the OSP problem is the need for a method to evaluate candidate sensor…
Tanujay Saha, Tamjid Al-Rahat, Najwa Aaraj, Yuan Tian + 1 more
—Machine learning (ML)-based methods have recently become attractive for detecting security vulnerability exploits. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art ML models like long short-term memories (LSTMs) and transformers incur significant computation overheads. This overhead makes it infeasible to deploy them in real-time…
Daniela Dolciami, Robert Ziolek, Daniel Davies, Michael Carter + 2 more
Chemical diversity is challenging to describe objectively. Despite this, various notions of chemical diversity are used throughout the medicinal chemistry optimization process in drug discovery. In this work, we show the usefulness of considering exploited vectors during different phases of the drug design process to…
Ariel R. Ril, Daniel Dalalana Bertoglio, Avelino F. Zorzo
—The increased demand of cyber security professionals has also increased the development of new platforms and tools that help those professionals to improve their offensive skills. One of these platforms is HackTheBox, an online cyber security training platform that delivers a controlled and safe environment for those…
Ludwig Danwitz, David Mathar, Elke Smith, Deniz Tuzsus + 1 more
Multi-armed restless bandit tasks are regularly applied in psychology and cognitive neuroscience to assess exploration and exploitation behavior in structured environments. These models are also readily applied to examine effects of (virtual) brain lesions on performance, and to infer neurocomputational mechanisms…
Taimur Bakhshi, Bogdan Ghita, Ievgeniia Kuzminykh, Himanshu Agrawal + 1 more
'Neminath Hubballi'] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been widely applied across a variety of industrial and consumer areas to facilitate greater automation and increase productivity. Higher dependability on connected devices led to a growing range of cyber security threats targeting…
Cathy S. Chen, Evan Knep, Autumn Han, R. Becket Ebitz + 1 more
Sex differences in cognitive processes could set the stage for sex-modulated vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. While value-based decision making processes in particular have been proposed to be influenced by sex differences, the overall correct performance across sexes often show minimal differences.…
Fartein Lemjan Færøy, Muhammad Mudassar Yamin, Ankur Shukla, Basel Katt + 2 more
'Basel Katt' 'Andrea Marin' 'Pietro Ferrara'] Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming a part of our daily life; from health monitors to critical infrastructure, they are used everywhere. This makes them ideal targets for malicious actors to exploit for nefarious purposes. Recent attacks like the Mirai botnet are…
Chasens, Hunter
First and foremost I'd like to thank my wonderful cat Mazi. She has not supported me in any way nor has she done anything but annoy me while I worked on this. Her greatest contributions weren't in the typos she added while walking on my keyboard, nor were they the many distractions she dragged onto my desk, but the…
Galina L. Kozunova, Ksenia E. Sayfulina, Andrey O. Prokofyev, Vladimir A. Medvedev + 3 more
This study examined whether pupil size and response time would distinguish directed exploration from random exploration and exploitation. Eighty-nine participants performed the two-choice probabilistic learning task while their pupil size and response time were continuously recorded. Using LMM analysis, we estimated…
Authors not listed
Realizing the promise of artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate scientific progress and deliver technological impact depends on how effectively AI can be integrated into real-world decision- making processes. As Peter Norvig states, “Somewhat remarkably, almost all AI research until very recently has assumed that…
Ying-Chiang Cho, Jen-Yi Pan
Given the proliferation of internet connected devices, IPv6 has been proposed to replace IPv4. Aside from providing a larger address space which can be assigned to internet enabled devices, it has been suggested that the IPv6 protocol offers increased security due to the fact that with the large number of addresses…
Gilbert Roberts
Human cooperation among non-kin has long been accepted as being based on reciprocity – the idea that we return help from individuals that we re-meet (8). However, this paradigm has been challenged by Efferson et al. who make the bold claim that repeated interaction is insufficient to support cooperation (3). The…
Authors not listed
Machine olfaction—the artificial replication of the sense of smell—faces significant challenges due to the absence of large, standardized training datasets. Unlike vision, language, and audio models, which benefit from extensive corpora such as ImageNet, GLUE, and AudioSet, olfaction lacks scaled equivalents and…