20 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
K. R. Chowdhary
—This paper attempts to connects the evolution of computer languages with the evolution of life, where the later has been dictated by theory of evolution of species, and tries to give supportive evidence that the new languages are more robust than the previous, carry-over the mixed features of older languages, such…
Youssef Bassil, Aziz Barbar
—Modern computer programming languages are governed by complex syntactic rules. They are unlike natural languages; they require extensive manual work and a significant amount of learning and practicing for an individual to become skilled at and to write correct programs. Computer programming is a difficult…
Brijender Kahanwal
The main purpose of this article is to describe the taxonomy of computer languages according to the levels of abstraction. There exists so many computer languages because of so many reasons like the evolution of better computer languages over the time; the socio-economic factors as the proprietary interests, commercial…
Youssef Bassil
A computer program is a set of electronic instructions executed from within the computer's memory by the computer's central processing unit. Its purpose is to control the functionalities of the computer allowing it to perform various tasks. Basically, a computer program is written by humans using a programming…
Francesca Del Bonifro, Maurizio Gabbrielli, Antonio Lategano, Stefano Zacchiroli + 1 more
'Stefano Zacchiroli' 'Sedat Akleylek'] Programming language identification (PLI) is a common need in automatic program comprehension as well as a prerequisite for deeper forms of code understanding. Image-based approaches to PLI have recently emerged and are appealing due to their applicability to code screenshots and…
Muhammad Shoaib Farooq, Sher Afzal Khan, Farooq Ahmad, Saeed Islam + 2 more
'Adnan Abid' 'Hussein Suleman'] Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving…
Stephen R Piccolo, Harlan P Stevens
Due to the growing scale and complexity of biological data, computer-programming skills have become essential for modern life scientists . Researchers use programming to automate tasks such as processing genomic datasets, running simulations, and creating visualizations. Writing code to carry out these tasks promotes…
Kevin J. Theisen
This is one part of a series of reviews concerning the application of programming languages in chemistry, edited by Dr. Rajarshi Guha. This article reviews the JavaScript technology as it applies to the chemistry discipline. A discussion of the history, scope and technical details of the programming language is…
Timothy L. Staples
Languages change over time, driven by creation of new words and cultural pressure to optimize communication. Programming languages resemble written language but communicate primarily with computer hardware rather than a human audience. I tested whether there were detectable changes over time in use of R, a mature…
Greg Michaelson
The notion of programming paradigms, with associated programming languages and methodologies, is a well established tenet of Computer Science pedagogy, enshrined in international curricula. However, this notion sits ill with Kuhn's classic conceptualisation of a scientific paradigm as a dominant world view, composed of…
Manuele Simi, Fabien Campagne, Keith Crandall
Language WorkBenches (LWBs) are software engineering tools that help domain experts develop solutions to various classes of problems. Some of these tools focus on non-technical users and provide languages to help organize knowledge while other workbenches provide means to create new programming languages. A key…
Saima Malik-Moraleda, Maya Taliaferro, Steve Shannon, Niharika Jhingan + 8 more
What constitutes a language? Natural languages share features with other domains: from math, to music, to gesture. However, the brain mechanisms that process linguistic input are highly specialized, showing little response to diverse non-linguistic tasks. Here, we examine constructed languages (conlangs) to ask whether…
Y. Liu, J. Kim, C. Wilson, M. Bedny
Despite the importance of programming to modern society, the cognitive and neural bases of code comprehension are largely unknown. Programming languages might ‘recycle’ neurocognitive mechanisms originally used for natural languages. Alternatively, comprehension of code could depend on fronto-parietal networks shared…
Yun-Fei Liu, Marina Bedny
Programming is a cornerstone of modern society, yet its cognitive and neural basis remains poorly understood. In this study, we test the hypothesis that programming “recycles” pre-existing neural mechanisms and representations in fronto-parietal reasoning networks. Using fMRI, we scanned programming-naïve…
Anna A. Ivanova, Shashank Srikant, Yotaro Sueoka, Hope H. Kean + 4 more
Computer programming is a novel cognitive tool that has transformed modern society. What cognitive and neural mechanisms support this skill? Here, we used fMRI to investigate two candidate brain systems: the multiple demand (MD) system, typically recruited during math, logic, problem solving, and executive tasks, and…
Richard Apodaca
Despite its widespread use, Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) remains underspecified. The lack of a detailed specification encourages improvisation by software developers, complicates data standardization efforts, and undermines extension development. Balsa, a reformulation of SMILES, addresses…
Pieter Floris Jacobs, Robert Pollice
Scientists across domains are often challenged to master domain-specific languages (DSLs) for their research, which are merely a means to an end but are pervasive in fields like computational chemistry. Automated code generation promises to overcome this barrier, allowing researchers to focus on their core expertise.…
Babu Bassa
In this communication the author describes a software tool named "ChameleonSort". The software program, developed by the present author is useful in the sorting of biological sequence variants like those accumulating mutations while diverging from the common ancestors. Examples include viral protein variants, protein…
Authors not listed
Curried functions provide a systematic way of transforming multi-argument functions into nested singleargument functions. This transformation allows partial application and supports many central principles of functional programming. Their extension, called curried 𝑘-ary functions, naturally generalizes the familiar…
Authors not listed
Step-by-step thinking is essential in all domains of chemical sciences and engineering. While machine learning tools are broadly used, algorithms that automate reasoning are far less common. We elaborate on seven categories of human reasoning activities and connect each to applications in chemical science and…