Search · four archives
Search · four archives
23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez, S. Joseph Kim
Clinical research is about asking and answering questions. Before solutions relevant to clinical problems can be sought, clinicians must frame questions in ways that are answerable using the methods of clinical research. Different types of questions are best answered using specific study designs. Each design has…
Paul Slater, Felicity Hasson
This paper provides a summary of the main quantitative research designs. Quantitative research designs occur in a hierarchy of evidence, ranging from descriptive research designs such as cross-sectional studies, and cohort designs, to more carefully constructed experimental designs like randomised control trials…
Alexander Muacevic, John R Adler, Venkataramana Kandi, Sabitha Vadakedath
'Sabitha Vadakedath'] Clinical research is an alternative terminology used to describe medical research. Clinical research involves people, and it is generally carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a therapeutic drug, a medical/surgical procedure, or a device as a part of treatment and patient management. Moreover…
Robert Mash, Bolatito B. Fatusin, Edith Madela-Mntla, Christopher Butler
'Christopher Butler'] This article outlines the essential features of clinical trials for doctoral or early career researchers. The World Health Organization has recently emphasised the need for higher quality clinical trials, more trials from low- and middle-income countries, as well as primary care, more engagement…
Nicholas T.J. Raison, Simone Giona, Oliver Brunckhorst, Alexander Cohen + 1 more
Highlights 1. This study objectively evaluated the quality of randomised controlled trials by assessing randomisation outcomes. 2. Reported numbers of participants randomised to each arm in 148 studies were compared to expected numbers if simple randomisation was performed. 3. Analysis showed that it is very unlikely…
Yevgen Ryeznik, Oleksandr Sverdlov
Designs Authors: ['Yevgen Ryeznik' 'Oleksandr Sverdlov'] In this paper, we present Insertus.jl, the Julia package that can help the user generate a randomization sequence of a given length for a multi-arm trial with a pre-specified target allocation ratio and assess the operating characteristics of the chosen…
Alex Fernandes, Raphaël Porcher, Viet-Thi Tran, François Petit
This study investigates the use of virtual patient data to augment control arms in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Using data from the IST and IST3 trials, we simulated RCTs in which the recruitment in the control arms would stop after a fraction of the initially planned sample size, and would be completed by…
Joshua Trebach, Ali Graebner, Mark K. Su
“The only way to test a hypothesis is to look for all the information that disagrees with it.” -Karl Popper The word “hypothesis” originates from Greek hypo (“under”) and thesis (“placing”), and its ancient usage was as “a summary of the plot of a classical drama.” Here we will delve into the modern scientific dramas…
Fionnuala Rogers, Carolyn McNabb, Ege Erdem, Claudia Metzler-Baddeley
Executive functions are a key target of cognitive interventions for older adults due to their central role in daily functioning and maintaining a good quality of life. Piano training has been proposed as an ecologically valid method of improving cognition and brain structure in older adults. The primary aims of this…
Han Chang Chiam, Franz König, Martin Posch
Hybrid randomized controlled trials (hybrid RCTs) integrate external control data, such as historical or concurrent data, with data from randomized trials. While numerous frequentist and Bayesian methods, such as the test-then-pool and Meta-Analytic-Predictive prior, have been developed to account for potential…
Rob Kessels, Anne M. May, Miriam Koopman, Kit C. B. Roes
A Trial within Cohorts (TwiCs) study design is a trial design that uses the infrastructure of an observational cohort study to initiate a randomized trial. Upon cohort enrollment, cohort participants provided consent for being randomized in future studies without being informed. Once a new treatment is available…
Yizhuo Wang, Bing Z. Carter, Ziyi Li, Xuelin Huang
A key component for precision medicine is a good prediction algorithm for patients’ response to treatments. We aim to implement machine learning (ML) algorithms into the response-adaptive randomization (RAR) design and improve the treatment outcomes. We incorporated nine ML algorithms to model the relationship of…
Rajenki Das, Nina Deliu, Mark Toshner, Sofía S. Villar
Trials: Design Challenges and Practical Solutions Authors: ['Rajenki Das' 'Nina Deliu' 'Mark Toshner' 'Sofía S. Villar'] Although response-adaptive randomisation (RAR) has gained substantial attention in the literature, it still has limited use in clinical trials. Amongst other reasons, the implementation of RAR in the…
Ahmet Altınok, Monica Moruzzi, Elkan G. Akyürek
In this pre-registered study, we investigated the effects of acute cocoa flavanol (CF) consumption on cognitive control and response inhibition processes, at two different dosage levels. This study was randomised, placebo-controlled, gender-balanced, double-blind, and utilised a crossover design. Participants consumed…
Marco Ratta, Pavel Mozgunov, Sandrine Boulet, Moreno Ursino
The use of historical controls offers a valuable alternative when traditional randomized controlled trials are not feasible. However, such approaches may introduce bias due to temporal changes in patient populations, diagnostic criteria, and/or treatment standards. Hybrid designs, which combine a concurrent control arm…
Alissa Gordon, Emilie Højbjerre‐Frandsen, Alejandro Schuler
In the digital era it is easier than ever to collect and exploit rich covariate information in trials. Recent work explores how to use this information to integrate external controls, including the use of hybrid control trials (HCTs) where a randomized controlled trial is augmented with external controls. HCTs are of…
Katherine J Lee, Melissa Middleton, Robert K Mahar
Randomised trials have long been recognised as the gold standard research tool for evidence-based medicine. The past decade has seen the emergence of several innovative trial designs that are revolutionising how trials are conducted. These innovative designs enable more efficient, pragmatic trials that can address…
Rebecca EA Walwyn, Rosemary A Bailey, Arpan Singh, Neil Corrigan + 1 more
Acknowledgements: Rebecca Walwyn and Arpan Singh were funded by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Advanced Fellowship (ref: NIHR301709). Rebecca Walwyn and Steven Gilmour were funded by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Small Grant in Mathematical Sciences (ref: EP/W001020/1).…
Tristan P. W. Dennis, W. Moussa Guelbeogo, Heather M. Ferguson, Steve Lindsay + 7 more
Large epidemiological impacts resulting from disease vector control interventions are typically associated with significant disruption of vector populations. While vector density is a frequently measured response, impacts on demography and connectivity are suspected but rarely quantified. We analysed low-coverage…
F Mulvey John, Lundby Alicia
Performing assays on large numbers of samples requires their analysis in distinct batches, which commonly affects the measurements made in a systematic way. Analytical approaches can correct for such batch effects, however for this to be possible the batch should not be confounded with either the independent variable…
Prashanth Athri, Vidhya Murali, Pradyumna Y Muralidhar, Cassandra Königs + 4 more
- 1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India - 2. PES Center for Pattern Recognition, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PES University, Bengaluru, India - 3. Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Bielefeld University…
Authors not listed
Integrating machine learning (ML) into drug discovery has ushered in a new era of innovation, dramatically enhancing the efficiency and precision of identifying and developing new therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current applications of machine learning in drug discovery, focusing on…
Long Qian, Xin Lu, Parvez Haris, Jianyong Zhu + 2 more
Clinical trials are crucial for drug development, but they require significant time and financial resources. Additionally, uncertainties may arise during these trials concerning their results due to concerns surrounding effectiveness, safety, or the enrollment of participants. If robust AI (artificial intelligence)…