24 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Vance W. Berger, Louis Joseph Bour, Kerstine Carter, Jonathan J. Chipman + 9 more
'Jonathan J. Chipman' 'Colin C. Everett' 'Nicole Heussen' 'Catherine Hewitt' 'Ralf-Dieter Hilgers' 'Yuqun Abigail Luo' 'Jone Renteria' 'Yevgen Ryeznik' 'Oleksandr Sverdlov' 'Diane Uschner' ''] Background Randomization is the foundation of any clinical trial involving treatment comparison. It helps mitigate selection…
Marina A Malikova
Randomization was first introduced by the statistician and geneticist Sir RA Fisher, who used this technique in agricultural studies in Britain in the 1920s . When first used in human subjects in early 1930s, randomization was literally accomplished by the toss of a coin to determine treatment assignment group.…
Chengcheng Tu, Emma K. T. Benn
While junior clinical researchers at academic medical institutions across the US often desire to be actively engaged in randomized-clinical trials, they often lack adequate resources and research capacity to design and implement them. This insufficiency hinders their ability to generate a rigorous randomization scheme…
Yevgen Ryeznik, Oleksandr Sverdlov
Designs Authors: ['Yevgen Ryeznik' 'Oleksandr Sverdlov'] In this paper, we present Insertus.jl, the Julia package that can help the user generate a randomization sequence of a given length for a multi-arm trial with a pre-specified target allocation ratio and assess the operating characteristics of the chosen…
Nereide Stela Santos-Magalhães, H. M. de Oliveira, Alessandro Alves
- This paper presents the foundations of a computer oriented approach for preparing a list of random treatment assignments to be adopted in randomised controlled trials. Software is presented which can be applied in the earliest stage of clinical trials and bioequivalence assays. This allocation of patients to…
Ognjen Barcot, Matija Boric, Tina Poklepovic Pericic, Marija Cavar + 3 more
Purpose of this study was to analyze adequacy of judgments about risk of bias (RoB) for random sequence generation in Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Information was extracted from RoB tables of CSRs using automated data scraping. We categorized all comments provided as…
Yao Zhang, Qingyuan Zhao
The meaning of randomization tests has become obscure in statistics education and practice over the last century. This article makes a fresh attempt at rectifying this core concept of statistics. A new term—"quasi-randomization test"—is introduced to define significance tests based on theoretical models and distinguish…
Joseph M. Strayhorn Jr.
Randomized controlled trials are ubiquitously spoken of as the “gold standard” for testing interventions and establishing causal relations. This article presents evidence for two premises. First: there are often major problems with randomized designs; it is by no means true that the only good design is a randomized…
Joshua Trebach, Ali Graebner, Mark K. Su
“The only way to test a hypothesis is to look for all the information that disagrees with it.” -Karl Popper The word “hypothesis” originates from Greek hypo (“under”) and thesis (“placing”), and its ancient usage was as “a summary of the plot of a classical drama.” Here we will delve into the modern scientific dramas…
Bonnie J Kaplan, Gerald Giesbrecht, Scott Shannon, Kevin McLeod
Background Both scientists and the public routinely refer to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as being the 'gold standard' of scientific evidence. Although there is no question that placebo-controlled RCTs play a significant role in the evaluation of new pharmaceutical treatments, especially when it is important to…
Devon D. Brewer
The quality of evidence in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is the degree to which the estimated effect represents the “truth.” Current approaches to assessing the quality of evidence focus on trial design and methods. I describe a new quality of evidence index composed of four sub-indexes that measure…
David S. Robertson, James Wason
Response-adaptive designs allow the randomization probabilities to change during the course of a trial based on cumulated response data, so that a greater proportion of patients can be allocated to the better performing treatments. A major concern over the use of response-adaptive designs in practice, particularly from…
Georgia Salanti, Adriani Nikolakopoulou, Alex J Sutton, Stephan Reichenbach + 3 more
Background: The important role of network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in health technology assessment and guideline development is increasingly recognized. This approach has the potential to obtain conclusive results earlier than with new standalone trials or conventional, pairwise meta-analyses.…
Bredan McEvoy, David Haidar, Jason Tehranisa, William J. Meurer
Acute clinical stroke trials are challenging to communicate to patients and families considering participation. Response adaptive randomization (RAR) is a technique that alters the proportion of trial subjects receiving active treatment, based on the outcomes of previous subjects. We aimed to determine how well…
Linchen He, Yuru Ren, Han Chen, Daphne Guinn + 5 more
Molecular oncology determines biomarker-defined niche indications. Basket trials pool histologic indications sharing molecular pathophysiology, potentially improving development efficiency. Currently basket trials have been confirmatory only for exceptional therapies. Our previous randomized basket design may be…
Rocío Titiunik
∗ Prepared for "Advances in Experimental Political Science", edited by James Druckman and Donald Green, to be published by Cambridge University Press. I am grateful to Don Green and Jamie Druckman for their helpful feedback on multiple versions of this chapter, and to Marc Ratkovic and participants at the Advances in…
Robert Mash, Bolatito B. Fatusin, Edith Madela-Mntla, Christopher Butler
'Christopher Butler'] This article outlines the essential features of clinical trials for doctoral or early career researchers. The World Health Organization has recently emphasised the need for higher quality clinical trials, more trials from low- and middle-income countries, as well as primary care, more engagement…
Anja Collazo, Hans-Georg Kuhn, Tobias Kurth, Marco Piccininni + 1 more
Animal attrition in preclinical experiments can introduce bias in the estimation of causal treatment effects, as surviving animals may not be representative of the entire study population. This can compromise the internal validity of the study, despite randomization at the outset. Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are…
Ognjen Arandjelović
Clinical trial adaptation refers to any adjustment of the trial protocol after the onset of the trial. The main goal is to make the process of introducing new medical interventions to patients more efficient by reducing the cost and the time associated with evaluating their safety and efficacy. The principal question…
Josep Arús-Pous, Simon Viet Johansson, Oleksii Prykhodko, Esben Jannik Bjerrum + 4 more
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) trained with a set of molecules represented as unique (canonical) SMILES strings, have shown the capacity to create large chemical spaces of valid and meaningful structures. Herein we perform an extensive benchmark on models trained with subsets of GDB-13 of different sizes (1 million …
Josep Arús-Pous, Simon Viet Johansson, Oleksii Prykhodko, Esben Jannik Bjerrum + 4 more
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) trained with a set of molecules represented as unique (canonical) SMILES strings, have shown the capacity to create large chemical spaces of valid and meaningful structures. Herein we perform an extensive benchmark on models trained with subsets of GDB-13 of different sizes (1 million …
Theodore R. Pak, Maria D. Rodriguez, Frederick P. Roth
Evidence-based clinical practice relies on unbiased reporting of negative results. Meta-analysis of drug safety and efficacy across many clinical trials is difficult given the unconstrained nature of reasons that are provided to ClinicalTrials.gov to explain clinical trial terminations. We scanned all trials in…
Prashanth Athri, Vidhya Murali, Pradyumna Y Muralidhar, Cassandra Königs + 4 more
- 1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India - 2. PES Center for Pattern Recognition, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, PES University, Bengaluru, India - 3. Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Bielefeld University…
Long Qian, Xin Lu, Parvez Haris, Jianyong Zhu + 2 more
Clinical trials are crucial for drug development, but they require significant time and financial resources. Additionally, uncertainties may arise during these trials concerning their results due to concerns surrounding effectiveness, safety, or the enrollment of participants. If robust AI (artificial intelligence)…