25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Vicky Chuqiao Yang, Christopher P. Kempes, Sidney Redner, G.B. West + 1 more
'Hyejin Youn'] Regulatory functions are essential in both socioeconomic and biological systems, from corporate managers to regulatory genes in genomes. Regulatory functions come with substantial costs, but are often taken for granted. Here, we empirically examine regulatory costs across diverse systems—biological…
Gillian K. Hadfield, Jack A. Clark
Appropriately regulating artificial intelligence is a pressing policy challenge. Legislatures and regulators lack the specialised technical knowledge required to best translate public demands into legal requirements. Overreliance on industry self-regulation fails to hold producers and users of AI systems accountable to…
Laura Volpi, Michael D’Agosto, Tom Melvin, Barbara Sickmüller + 1 more
Regulatory Science has gained increasing prominence in the regulatory community, yet its character as a scientific discipline remains insufficiently clarified. While the term is widely used to describe activities that support regulatory decision-making, a unified normative anchoring is lacking. Existing definitions…
Rachel Horne, Tom Putland, Mark Brady
Australia is a leader in autonomous systems technology, particularly in the mining industry, borne from necessity in a geographically dispersed and complex natural environment. Increasingly advanced autonomous systems are becoming more prevalent in Australia, particularly as the safety, environmental and efficiency…
Jinah Yoon, Sukhyang Lee, Min Jung Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim
The rapid advancements in regenerative medicine (RM), including cell therapies, gene therapies, tissue-engineered products, and combined RM advanced therapies, require the development of regulatory frameworks. The global landscape of regulatory frameworks presents diverse approaches to the oversight of these therapies…
Ron Teichner, Aseel Shomar, O. Barak, N. Brenner + 3 more
Homeostasis, the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the face of perturbations, is a hallmark of biological systems. It is believed that this constancy is achieved through multiple internal regulation and control processes. Given observations of a system, or even a detailed model of one…
Lisa Eckstein, Jenny C. Kaldor, Cameron Stewart
In Australia, Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs) play a ubiquitous role reviewing human subjects research, as do Institutional Review Boards in the US and elsewhere. While HRECs were established as peer review bodies, we argue they should now be characterised a ‘devolved regulator’ within the broader context of…
Peter Grossi, Daphne O’Connor
Over the past 25 years, Congress and the FDA have determined the safest and most beneficial way to regulate the use of mifepristone (Mifeprex), the medication that accounts for the majority of abortions in the United States. The Dobbs decision has renewed the importance of those scientific determinations, especially…
Madeleine Archer, Lindy Willmott, Kenneth Chambaere, Luc Deliens + 1 more
Belgium has over 20 years of experience regulating assisted dying (AD). While much research considers this end-of-life practice, no studies have comprehensively analysed the various sources of regulation that govern it, including law, professional standards, and ethics. A scoping review identified all sources of…
Iraj Daizadeh
Is the complexity of medical product (medicines and medical devices) regulation impacting innovation in the US? If so, how? Here, this question is investigated as follows: Various novel proxy metrics of regulation (FDA-issued guidelines) and innovation (corresponding FDA-registrations) from 1976-2020 are used to…
Eui Min Jeong, Yun Min Song, Jae Kyoung Kim
Transcriptional repression can occur via various mechanisms, such as blocking, sequestration, and displacement. For instance, the repressors can hold the activators to prevent binding with DNA or can bind to the DNA-bound activators to block their transcriptional activity. Although the transcription can be completely…
Petra Maresova
Economic regulation is an instrument of the state or other institutions to correct market failures, rectify the business environment, or protect consumers. Regulation can be a major driver of innovation, and it has proven to be so in the past. On the other hand, there are also documented cases of ineffective regulation…
Nicholas M. Jackson, Javier A. Carrero, Kristin Yeung, Evelyn Needham + 12 more
Establishing immune tolerance requires the integration of cytokine signals that favor regulatory T cell (Treg) function over effector differentiation, yet how such coordination can be achieved selectively in vivo remains incompletely defined. Regulatory T cells are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and…
Arjun Chowdhury
While one might expect states with low capacity to regulate less than states with high capacity, this is not supported by evidence, leaving open the possibility of rent-seeking. I use the example of the regulation of witchcraft in parts of Africa to informally model the conditions under which states with low capacity…
Deepak Kumar Gupta, Akhilesh Tiwari, Yashraj Yadav, Pranay Soni + 1 more
'Megha Joshi'] Combination products, amalgamating drugs, biologics, and medical devices, have revolutionized the healthcare landscape with their potential for innovative therapies. However, the intersection of diverse components within these products presents a complex regulatory environment, demanding rigorous…
Théo Durandard, Alexis Ghersengorin
We study the robust regulation of labour contracts in moral hazard problems. A firm offers a contract to incentivise production by an agent protected by limited liability. A regulator chooses the set of permissible contracts to (i) improve efficiency and (ii) protect the worker. The regulator ignores the agent's…
Parviel Chirsir, Emma H. Palm, Sivani Baskaran, Emma L. Schymanski + 4 more
Background: Persistent, Mobile and Toxic (PMT), or very Persistent and very Mobile (vPvM) substances are a wide class of chemicals that are recalcitrant to degradation, easily transported, and potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Due to their persistence and mobility, these substances are often widespread…
Authors not listed
We use coarse-grained simulations to study the impact of charge regulation on the complexation of a weak polyacid and a strong polycation. Comparing an isolated polyacid with the polyelectrolyte pair, we demonstrate that charge regulation leads to a significant enhancement of the ionization. Furthermore, our…
Authors not listed
Molecular mechanisms governing initiation steps of the assembly of thousands of endogenous multi-protein complexes (EMCs) remain incompletely understood. Here, multiple lines of observations are reported reflecting the biological functions-aligned initiation sequence of hybrid assembly pathways (HAPs) of EMCs. HAPs…
Sanmoy Pathak, Thea Hogan, Sanket Rane, Yundi Huang + 5 more
Foxp3^+^ Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subset of CD4^+^ T cells that play critical functions in maintaining tolerance to self antigens and suppressing autoimmunity, regulating immune responses to pathogens and have a role in the pathophysiology of anti-tumoural immunity. Treg ontogeny is complex since they are…
Authors not listed
A framework for catalysis based on categorical aperture selection rather than temporal acceleration is presented. Traditional catalysis theory describes catalysts as agents that accelerate reactions by lowering activation energies, implicitly treating time as the fundamental variable and reaction rate enhancement as…
Alessio Tartaro, Adam Leon Smith, Patricia Shaw
Regulations and standards in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) are necessary to minimise risks and maximise benefits, yet some argue that they stifle innovation. This paper critically examines the idea that regulation stifles innovation in the field of AI. Current trends in AI regulation, particularly the…
Janet Sasso, Barbara Ambrose, Rumiana Tenchov, Ruchira Datta + 3 more
In the last decade, there has been a shift in research, clinical development, and commercial activity to exploit the many roles of RNA in physiology for use in medicine. With the rapid success in the development of lipid-RNA nanoparticles for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and with several approved RNA-based drugs, RNA…
Huiyun Lv, Guohua Yuan, Xinyi Liu, Xiaobo Wang + 6 more
Thymus-originated tTregs and in vitro induced iTregs are subsets of regulatory T cells. While they share the capacity of immune suppression, their stabilities are different, with iTregs losing their phenotype upon stimulation or under inflammatory milieu. Epigenetic differences, particularly methylation state of Foxp3…
Junwen Zhu, Yongkang Hao, Fenghua Zhang, Xiaxia Gao + 3 more
In mammals, regulatory T cells (Treg) cells have been utilized to enhance tolerance in organ transplantation. Although transplanting germline stem cells (GSCs) or gonadal primordia into immunodeficient zebrafish have shown to be an important technique which can bypass the juvenile phase and expedite gamete generation…