18 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Roshan Prizak, Lennart Hilbert
Transposons, which are DNA sequences that can move to new positions in the genome, make up a large fraction of eukaryotic genomes and occur in clusters. The insertion of transposons into the genome is hindered by compact folding of chromatin, supposedly preventing aberrant or even pathogenic insertion. Chromatin can…
Michael Schmitz, Irma Querques
Transposons are mobile genetic elements that have invaded all domains of life by moving between and within their host genomes. Due to their mobility (or transposition), transposons facilitate horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and foster the evolution of new molecular functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. As…
Samantha Ho, William Theurkauf, Nicholas Rice, Welkin Johnson + 1 more
Transposons are integral genome constituents that can be domesticated for host functions, but they also represent a significant threat to genome stability. Transposon silencing is especially critical in the germline, which is dedicated to transmitting inherited genetic material. The small Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)…
Yafang Xiao, Jianbo Wang, Alex Troitsky
Transposon is the main component of the eukaryotic genome, and more and more plant genome data show that transposons are diverse in regulating genome structure, variation, function and evolution, with different transposition mechanisms in the genome. Hybridization and polyploidy play an important role in promoting…
Matt W.G. Walker, Sanne E. Klompe, Dennis J. Zhang, Samuel H. Sternberg
CRISPR-associated transposons (CASTs) direct DNA integration downstream of target sites using the RNA-guided DNA binding activity of nuclease-deficient CRISPR-Cas systems. Transposition relies on several key protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, but little is known about the explicit sequence requirements…
Daniel Heinzelmann, Franziska Reuss, Nikolas Zeh, Robin Nilson + 7 more
Transposases revolutionized the field of genetic engineering, yet the scarcity of functional systems remains a challenge. In response, we conducted a metagenomic screening and identified a novel transposase system from Acyrthosiphon pisum. Through systematic optimization, we enhanced nuclear localization, transposon…
Dongying Gao, Emma Fox-Fogle
Background The genomes of many major crops including barley (Hordeum vulgare) consist of numerous transposons. Despite their important roles in crop genome evolution and morphological variations, most of these elements are silent or truncated and unable to be mobile in host genomes. Thus far, only a very limited number…
Cindy Chang, Dong Cao, Daniel J. Pagano, Scott Kennedy
Transposons are parasitic nucleic acids present in most genomes. The ability of transposons to mobilize makes them a source of genetic diversity and a threat to genome integrity. Interestingly, mutations in the C. elegans gene mut-2/rde-3 increases the rate of transposition in the germline, but not in the soma…
Yukinobu Arata, Peter Jurica, Nicholas Parrish, Yasushi Sako
Transposons are mobile DNA elements that encode genes for their own mobility. Whereas transposon copies accumulate on the genome during evolution, many lose their mobile activity due to mutations. Here, we focus on transposon-encoded genes that are directly involved in the replication, excision, and integration of…
Mohamed Diaby, Han Wu, Bo Gao, Shasha Shi + 7 more
'Saisai Wang' 'Yali Wang' 'Zherui Wu' 'Cai Chen' 'Xiaoyan Wang' 'Chengyi Song'] Title: Abstract Novel active DNA transposons, such as Spy transposons from the PHIS superfamily, are identified through bioinformatics in this study. The native transposases cgSpy and cvSpy displayed transposition activities of…
Dongying Gao, Valeria Terzi
Simple Summary Transposons are the most abundant repeats in plant genomes, and many of them can produce transcripts and encode proteins that may result in overestimating and incorrectly annotating functional genes. Thus, accurate transposon annotation is essential for all plant genome sequencing projects and other…
Aria Yom, Nathan E. Lewis
Transposons are tiny intragenomic parasites found in every branch of life. Often, one transposon will hyperparasitize another, forming an intracellular ecosystem. In some species these ecosystems thrive, while in others they go extinct, yet little is known about when or why this occurs. Here, we present a stochastic…
Shan-Chi Hsieh, Máté Fülöp, Richard Schargel, Michael T. Petassi + 2 more
Eukaryotes have linear DNA and their telomeres are hotspots for transposons, which in some cases took over telomere maintenance. While many bacteria also have linear chromosomes and plasmids, no transposons were known to target bacterial telomeres. Here we show several families of independently evolved telomeric…
Beatriz Vieira Mourato, Bernhard Haubold
Long unique genomic regions have been reported to be highly enriched for developmental genes in mice and humans. In this paper we identify unique genomic regions using a highly efficient method based on fast string matching. We quantify the resource consumption and accuracy of this method before applying it to the…
Authors not listed
Molecular mechanisms governing initiation steps of the assembly of thousands of endogenous multi-protein complexes (EMCs) remain incompletely understood. Here, multiple lines of observations are reported reflecting the biological functions-aligned initiation sequence of hybrid assembly pathways (HAPs) of EMCs. HAPs…
Cleis Battaglia, Davide Michieletto
The insertion of HIV and other DNA elements within genomes underpins both genetic diversity and disease when unregulated. Most of these insertions are not random and occupy specific positions within the genome but the physical mechanisms underlying the integration site selection are poorly understood. Here we perform…
Xiaoqiu Huang
This theory seeks to define species and to explore evolutionary forces and genetic elements in speciation and species maintenance. The theory explains how speciation and species maintenance are caused by natural selection acting on non-Mendelian and Mendelian variation, respectively. The emergence and maintenance of…
Xiaolei Brian Zhang, Grace Oualline, Jim Shaw, Yun William Yu
intercellular mobile genetic elements Authors: ['Xiaolei Brian Zhang' 'Grace Oualline' 'Jim Shaw' 'Yun William Yu'] Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are as ubiquitous in nature as they are varied in type, ranging from viral insertions to transposons to incorporated plasmids. Horizontal transfer of MGEs across bacterial…