14 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Talley Amir, James Aspnes, John Lazarsfeld
Population protocols [AAD+06] are a class of algorithms for modeling distributed computation in networks of finite-state agents communicating through pairwise interactions. Their suitability for analyzing numerous chemical processes has motivated the adaptation of the original population protocol framework to better…
Petra Berenbrink, Robert Elsässer, Tom Friedetzky, Dominik Kaaser + 2 more
'Peter Kling' 'Tomasz Radzik'] Population protocols are a model for distributed computing that is focused on simplicity and robustness. A system of n identical agents (finite state machines) performs a global task like electing a unique leader or determining the majority opinion when each agent has one of two opinions.…
Robin Fritsch, Roger Wattenhofer
We consider the problem of finding a compromise between the opinions of a group of individuals on a number of mutually independent, binary topics. In this paper, we quantify the loss in representativeness that results from requiring the outcome to have majority support, in other words, the "price of majority support".…
Michael E. Wall, Sindhu Raghavan, Judith D. Cohn, John Dunbar + 1 more
'Christos A. Ouzounis'] Recent studies have noted extensive inconsistencies in gene start sites among orthologous genes in related microbial genomes. Here we provide the first documented evidence that imposing gene start consistency improves the accuracy of gene start-site prediction. We applied an algorithm using a…
Thomas J. H. Morgan, Alberto Acerbi, Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen, Valerio Capraro
'Valerio Capraro'] Cultural evolution is the product of the psychological mechanisms that underlie individual decision making. One commonly studied learning mechanism is a disproportionate preference for majority opinions, known as conformist transmission. While most theoretical and experimental work approaches the…
Aleksei Y. Kondratev, Alexander Nesterov
We study voting rules with respect to how they allow or limit a majority from dominating minorities: whether a voting rule makes a majority powerful, and whether minorities can veto the candidates they do not prefer. For a given voting rule, the minimal share of voters that guarantees a victory to one of their most…
Palash Dey, Nimrod Talmon, Otniel van Handel
We consider elections where the voters come one at a time, in a streaming fashion, and devise space-efficient algorithms which identify an approximate winning committee with respect to common multiwinner proportional representation voting rules; specifically, we consider the Approval-based and the Borda-based variants…
Jianrong Dong, David Fernández-Baca, FR McMorris
Background Supertree methods combine the phylogenetic information from multiple partially-overlapping trees into a larger phylogenetic tree called a supertree. Several supertree construction methods have been proposed to date, but most of these are not designed with any specific properties in mind. Recently, Cotton and…
Yuki Takazawa, Atsushi Takeda, Momoko Hayamizu, Olivier Gascuel
Phylogenetic analyses often require the summarization of multiple trees, e.g., in Bayesian analyses to obtain the centroid of the posterior distribution of trees, or to determine the consensus of a set of bootstrap trees. The majority-rule consensus tree is the most commonly used. It is easy to compute and minimizes…
Ruth Ben-Yashar, Jianbiao Li
Democracy is upheld through the principle of majority rule. To validate the application of democracy, it is imperative to assess the sincerity of voter decisions. When voter sincerity is compromised, manipulation may occur, thereby undermining the legitimacy of democratic processes. This paper presents a general…
Lee John Curley, James Munro, Lara A Frumkin, Jim Turner
The unique Scottish legal system stands apart from the better-known Anglo-American legal system, with variations relating to jury size (15 vs. 12), the number of verdicts available (3 vs. 2) and majority size (simple majority vs. unanimous). At present, only a handful of investigations have explored the effects of the…
Kamesh Munagala, Yiheng Shen, Kangning Wang
We consider the participatory budgeting problem where each of n voters specifies additive utilities over m candidate projects with given sizes, and the goal is to choose a subset of projects (i.e., a committee) with total size at most k. Participatory budgeting mathematically generalizes multiwinner elections, and both…
Albert B. Kao, Andrew M. Berdahl, Andrew T. Hartnett, Matthew J. Lutz + 4 more
Aggregating multiple non-expert opinions into a collective estimate can improve accuracy across many contexts. However, two sources of error can diminish collective wisdom: individual estimation biases and information sharing between individuals. Here we measure individual biases and social influence rules in multiple…
Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya, Dmitri V. Zaykin
Testing millions of SNPs in genetic association studies has become standard routine for disease gene discovery, followed by prioritization of the strongest signals based on the set of the smallest P-values. In light of recent re-evaluation of statistical practice, it has been suggested that P-values are unfit as…