19 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
David Gilliam, Stefan Leigh, Andrew Rukhin, William Strawderman
Performance standards for detector systems often include requirements for probability of detection and probability of false alarm at a specified level of statistical confidence. This paper reviews the accepted definitions of confidence level and of critical value. It describes the testing requirements for establishing…
Wilhelmiina Hämäläinen, Geoffrey I. Webb
Statistically sound pattern discovery harnesses the rigour of statistical hypothesis testing to overcome many of the issues that have hampered standard data mining approaches to pattern discovery. Most importantly, application of appropriate statistical tests allows precise control over the risk of false discoveries –…
Rainer Winkelmann, Lin Xu
Regression models for proportions are frequently encountered in applied work. The conditional expectation function is bounded between 0 and 1 and therefore must be nonlinear, requiring nonstandard panel data extensions. One possible approach is the binomial panel logit model with fixed effects (Machado in J Econom…
Alan David Hutson, Jason Roszik
Title: Simple Summary Phase II oncology trials often use single-arm designs when randomized trials are too expensive or impractical, such as in rare diseases. These trials typically test whether a treatment’s success rate exceeds a specified benchmark. Standard statistical methods, like the exact binomial test or…
Samir Rachid Zaim, Colleen Kenost, Joanne Berghout, Wesley Chiu + 3 more
In this era of data science-driven bioinformatics, machine learning research has focused on feature selection as users want more interpretation and post-hoc analyses for biomarker detection. However, when there are more features (i.e., transcript) than samples (i.e., mice or human samples) in a study, this poses major…
Peter M. B. Cahusac, Geert Verdoolaege, Brian Dennis, Mark L. Taper + 1 more
Categorical data analysis of 2 × 2 contingency tables is extremely common, not least because they provide risk difference, risk ratio, odds ratio, and log odds statistics in medical research. A $χ2$ test analysis is most often used, although some researchers use likelihood ratio test (LRT) analysis. Does it matter…
Thomas Steffens, Lisa M. Steffens, Steven C. Marcrum, Andreas Buechner
'Andreas Buechner'] The primary aim of this study was to extend existing theory on the relationship between chance-level performance and the number of alternatives and trials in closed-set, forced-choice speech audiometry and sound localization methods. When calculating chance performance for closed-set, forced-choice…
Miguel Araujo‐Voces, Vı́ctor Quesada
Exact tests greatly improve the analysis of contingency tables when marginals are low. For instance, researchers often use Fisher's exact test, which is conditional, or Barnard's test, which is unconditional but needs to deal with a nuisance parameter. Here, we describe the m-test, an exact, unconditional test for the…
Yinong Young-Xu, K Arnold Chan
Background The beta-binomial model is one of the methods that can be used to validly combine event rates from overdispersed binomial data. Our objective is to provide a full description of this method and to update and broaden its applications in clinical and public health research. Methods We describe the statistical…
Robert N. Montgomery, Jonathan D. Mahnken
This article introduces a global hypothesis test intended for studies with multiple endpoints. Our test makes use of a priori predictions about the direction of the result of each endpoint and we weight these predictions using the sample correlation matrix. The global alternative hypothesis concerns a parameter, …
Sean Ruddy, Marla Johnson, Elizabeth Purdom
The prevalence of sequencing experiments in genomics has led to an increased use of methods for count data in analyzing high-throughput genomic data to perform analyses. The importance of shrinkage methods in improving the performance of statistical methods remains. A common example is that of gene expression data…
José Antonio Roldán-Nofuentes, Saad Bouh Sidaty-Regad
Case-control sampling to compare the accuracy of two binary diagnostic tests is frequent in clinical practice. This type of sampling consists of applying the two diagnostic tests to all of the individuals in a sample of those who have the disease and in another sample of those who do not have the disease. In this…
Erekle Khurodze, Leigh A Roberts
Since its introduction in 1950, Fisher's dispersion test has become a standard means of deciding whether or not count data follow the Poisson distribution. The test is based on a characteristic property of the Poisson distribution, and discriminates well between the Poisson and the natural alternative hypotheses of…
David M. Rocke, Luyao Ruan, Yilun Zhang, J. Jared Gossett + 2 more
An important property of a valid method for testing for differential expression is that the false positive rate should at least roughly correspond to the p-value cutoff, so that if 10,000 genes are tested at a p-value cutoff of 10^−4^, and if all the null hypotheses are true, then there should be only about 1 gene…
Andrew McCormack
In hypothesis testing problems the property of strict unbiasedness describes whether a test is able to discriminate, in the sense of a difference in power, between any distribution in the null hypothesis space and any distribution in the alternative hypothesis space. In this work we examine conditions under which…
Fanding Zhou, Alan J. Aw, Dan D. Erdmann-Pham, Jonathan Fischer + 1 more
Differential expression analysis is crucial in genomics, yet existing methods primarily focus on detecting mean shifts. Variance shifts in gene expression are well-documented in studies of cellular signaling pathways, and more recently they have characterized aging, thus motivating the need for flexible detection…
Rasmus Erlemann, Bo Henry Lindqvist
In this paper, we address the problem of testing goodness-of-fit for discrete distributions, where we focus on the geometric distribution. We define new likelihoodbased goodness-of-fit tests using the beta-geometric distribution and the type I discrete Weibull distribution as alternative distributions. The tests are…
Wolfgang Rolke
Testing to see whether a given data set comes from some specified distribution is among the oldest types of problems in Statistics. Many such tests have been developed and their performance studied. The general result has been that while a certain test might perform well, aka have good power, in one situation it will…
Md Rejuan Haque, Laura Kubatko
Combination tests are used to combine P-values from individual studies to test a global null hypothesis. These types of tests can also be applied to combine P-values from testing separate null hypotheses within the same study in cases for which the procedure for testing a global null hypothesis is unavailable. One such…