19 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Stefan Lukow, James C. Weatherall
The verification of trace explosives detection systems is often constrained to small sample sets, so it is important to support the significance of the results with statistical analysis. As binary measurements, the trials are assessed using binomial statistics. A method is described based on the probability confidence…
Stef Baas, Yaron Racah, Elad Berkman, Sofía S. Villar
Traditional hypothesis testing methods for differences in binomial proportions can either be too liberal (Wald test) or overly conservative (Fisher's exact test), especially in small samples. Regulators favour conservative approaches for robust type I error control, though excessive conservatism may significantly…
Daniel V. Tausk
In 2017, J. B. Carlisle has proposed a method for fraud detection in randomized controlled trials based on a comparison of reported baseline data between treatment groups. While Carlisle has only used the method for continuous variables, some authors have recently employed a naive adaption of the method for dichotomous…
Alan David Hutson, Jason Roszik
Title: Simple Summary Phase II oncology trials often use single-arm designs when randomized trials are too expensive or impractical, such as in rare diseases. These trials typically test whether a treatment’s success rate exceeds a specified benchmark. Standard statistical methods, like the exact binomial test or…
Peter M. B. Cahusac, Geert Verdoolaege, Brian Dennis, Mark L. Taper + 1 more
Categorical data analysis of 2 × 2 contingency tables is extremely common, not least because they provide risk difference, risk ratio, odds ratio, and log odds statistics in medical research. A $χ2$ test analysis is most often used, although some researchers use likelihood ratio test (LRT) analysis. Does it matter…
Dazhuan Xu, Nan Wang, Han Zhang
There has a major problem in the current theory of hypothesis testing in which no unified indicator to evaluate the goodness of various test methods since the cost function or utility function usually relies on the specific application scenario, resulting in no optimal hypothesis testing method. In this paper, the…
Andrey Novikov
For the observations which follow a discrete exponential family, we provide algorithms for optimal design in the modified Kiefer-Weiss problem, and obtain formulas for evaluating their performance, calculating operating characteristic function, average sample number, and some related characteristics. These formulas…
Richard A. Chechile, Daniel H. Barch Jr.
Nonparametric (or distribution-free) statistics have been widely used in psychological research because behavioral data can be messy and inconsistent with the Gaussian model for measurement error. Distribution-free procedures only use categorical or rank information, so they avoid the problems of outliers and…
Jürgen Groß
A simple alternative to the binomial distribution that places more probability weight on the tails is considered. Its derivation only requires the weighted arithmetic mean of two discrete probability mass functions, one being the binomial itself and the other being the bi-uniform introduced here. Some properties are…
D. Samuel Schwarzkopf, Zien Huang
Most studies in psychology, neuroscience, and life science research make inferences about how strong an effect is on average in the population. Yet, many research questions could instead be answered by testing for the universality of the phenomenon under investigation. By using reliable experimental designs that…
Erekle Khurodze, Leigh A Roberts
Since its introduction in 1950, Fisher's dispersion test has become a standard means of deciding whether or not count data follow the Poisson distribution. The test is based on a characteristic property of the Poisson distribution, and discriminates well between the Poisson and the natural alternative hypotheses of…
Huda Alsulami, Silvia Liverani, Yajie Zou
The Cauchy combination test (CCT) is a p-value combination method used in multiple-hypothesis testing and is robust under dependence structures. This study aims to evaluate the CCT for independent and correlated count data where the individual p-values are derived from tests based on normal approximation to the…
David Gerard
Hardy-Weinberg proportions (HWP) are often explored to evaluate the assumption of random mating. However, in autopolyploids, organisms with more than two sets of homologous chromo-somes, HWP and random mating are different hypotheses that require different statistical testing approaches. Currently, the only available…
Dandan Chen, Carolyn Anderson
Categorical data are common in educational and social science research; however, methods for its analysis are generally not covered in introductory statistics courses. This chapter overviews fundamental concepts and methods in categorical data analysis. It describes and illustrates the analysis of contingency tables…
Andrew McCormack
In hypothesis testing problems the property of strict unbiasedness describes whether a test is able to discriminate, in the sense of a difference in power, between any distribution in the null hypothesis space and any distribution in the alternative hypothesis space. In this work we examine conditions under which…
Tavor Z. Baharav, David Tse, Julia Salzman
Contingency tables, data represented as counts matrices, are ubiquitous across quantitative research and data-science applications. Existing statistical tests are insufficient however, as none are simultaneously computationally efficient and statistically valid for a finite number of observations. In this work…
Christoph Waterkamp, Vanessa Tabea von Kortzfleisch, Christoph Neu, Simo Kitanovski + 2 more
Reduction of the numbers of laboratory animals is one of the three pillars of ethical animal research. Equivalently, information gain per animal should be maximized. A road towards this goal that is barely taken in current animal research is the more accurate statistical modeling of experiments. Here we show for a…
Fanding Zhou, Alan J. Aw, Dan D. Erdmann-Pham, Jonathan Fischer + 1 more
Differential expression analysis is crucial in genomics, yet existing methods primarily focus on detecting mean shifts. Variance shifts in gene expression are well-documented in studies of cellular signaling pathways, and more recently they have characterized aging, thus motivating the need for flexible detection…
Toha Saifudin, Nur Chamidah, Nur Azizah, Fayza Shafira Renianti + 3 more
Title: The highlights of this research are 1. • Count data modeling was initiated using Poisson regression, and overdispersion was tested to justify the use of NBR. 2. • Spatial dependence and heterogeneity were tested using Moran’s I and Breusch-Pagan tests, followed by localized modeling with GWNBR. 3. • Model…