23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Romain Brasselet, Angelo Arleo
Categorization is a fundamental information processing phenomenon in the brain. It is critical for animals to compress an abundance of stimulations into groups to react quickly and efficiently. In addition to labels, categories possess an internal structure: the goodness measures how well any element belongs to a…
Pablo Contreras Kallens, Rick Dale, Paul E. Smaldino
Categorization is a fundamental function of minds, with wide ranging implications for the rest of the cognitive system. In humans, categories are shared and communicated between minds, thus requiring explanations at the population level. In this paper, we discuss the current state of research on the cultural evolution…
Zahra Sadeghi, Babak Nadjar Araabi, Majid Nili Ahmadabadi
It has been argued that concepts can be perceived at three main levels of abstraction. Generally, in a recognition system, object categories can be viewed at three levels of taxonomic hierarchy which are known as superordinate, basic, and subordinate levels. For instance, “horse” is a member of subordinate level which…
Margaret M. Henderson, John T. Serences, Nuttida Rungratsameetaweemana
Everyday visual search tasks require objects to be categorized according to behavioral goals. For example, when searching for an apple at the supermarket, one might first find the Granny Smith apples by separating all visible apples into the categories “green” and “non-green”. However, suddenly remembering that your…
B. Garcin, M. Urbanski, M. Thiebaut De Schotten, R. Levy + 1 more
Categorization is the mental operation by which the brain classifies objects and events. It is classically assessed using semantic and non-semantic matching or sorting tasks. These tasks show a high variability in performance across healthy controls and the cerebral bases supporting this variability remain unknown. In…
Céline Spriet, Etienne Abassi, Jean-Rémy Hochmann, Liuba Papeo
Humans make sense of the world by organizing things into categories. When and how does this process begin? We investigated whether real-world object categories that spontaneously emerge in the first months of life match categorical representations of objects in the human visual cortex. Taking infants’ looking times as…
Edward F. Ester, Thomas C. Sprague, John T. Serences
Categorization refers to the process of mapping continuous sensory inputs onto discrete concepts. Humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents can readily learn arbitrary categories defined by low-level visual features such as hue and orientation, and behavioral studies indicate that such learning distorts perceptual…
Jürgen Lerner, Alessandro Lomi, K. Brad Wray
The existence of a shared classification system is essential to knowledge production, transfer, and sharing. Studies of knowledge classification, however, rarely consider the fact that knowledge categories exist within hierarchical information systems designed to facilitate knowledge search and discovery. This neglect…
Muhammad Rafi, Sundus Hassan, M. Shahid Shaikh
The process of text categorization assigns labels or categories to each text document according to the semantic content of the document. The traditional approaches to text categorization used features from the text like: words, phrases, and concepts hierarchies to represent and reduce the dimensionality of the…
Yu Jian
Categorization axioms have been proposed to axiomatizing clustering results, which offers a hint of bridging the difference between human recognition system and machine learning through an intuitive observation: an object should be assigned to its most similar category. However, categorization axioms cannot be…
Matt D. Anderson, Erich W. Graf, James H. Elder, Krista A. Ehinger + 1 more
For the semantic, 3D spatial structure, and 2D appearance sorting tasks, we identified the category system that best represented the grouping judgements of all participants. To this end, we i) identified the optimal number of categories, ii) determined the optimal category for each image, and iii) selected names for…
Yael Benn, Anna A. Ivanova, Oliver Clark, Zachary Mineroff + 4 more
The relationship between language and human thought is the subject of long-standing debate. One specific claim implicates language in feature-based categorization. According to this view, language resources facilitate object categorization based on a certain feature (e.g., color). Specifically, it is hypothesized that…
Katie Warburton, Charles Kemp, Yang Xu, Lea Frermann
Categories inevitably reflect the needs, perspectives, and experiences of the people who create them (Bowker & Star, ). Consider, for example, Steinberg’s famous depiction of the View of the World from 9th Avenue[fn2], which devotes half of the page to three New York City blocks but shows China, Russia, and Japan as…
Paul M. W. Hackett
Classifying reality is an ancient and fundamental ability. Even the most basic living creatures classify their world as do social collectives of living things, most noticeably, human beings through psychological processes. An example of the rudimentary nature of classification exists in the behavior of slime molds.…
James E. Corter, Mark A. Gluck
In designing an intelligent system that must be able to explain its reasoning to a human user, or to provide generalizations that the human user finds reasonable, it may he useful to take into consideration psychological data on what types of concepts and categories people naturally use. The psychological literature on…
Aida Slavić
The vision of the Semantic Web (SW) is gradually unfolding and taking shape through a web of linked data, a part of which is built by capturing semantics stored in existing knowledge organization systems (KOS), subject metadata and resource metadata. The content of vast bibliographic collections is currently…
Gavin M. Bidelman, Ashleigh York, Claire Pearson
We tested whether the neural mechanisms of phonetic categorization are specific to speech sounds or generalize to graphemes (i.e., visual letters) of the same phonetic label. Given that linguistic experience shapes categorical processing, and letter-speech sound matching plays a crucial role during early reading…
Saer Samanipour, Jake O'Brien, Malcolm Reid, Kevin Thomas + 1 more
The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have listed approximately 800k chemicals that must be further investigated for their potential environmental and/or human health risk. A significant number of these chemicals have large enough global volumes of consumption (e.g.…
Saer Samanipour, Jake O'Brien, Malcolm Reid, Kevin Thomas + 1 more
The European and US chemical agencies have listed approximately 800k chemicals where knowledge on potential risks to human health and the environment are lacking. Filling these data gaps experimentally is impossible so in-silico approaches and prediction are essential. Many existing models are however limited by…
Cezar Sas, Andrea Capiluppi
Empirical results in software engineering have long started to show that findings are unlikely to be applicable to all software systems, or any domain: results need to be evaluated in specified contexts, and limited to the type of systems that they were extracted from. This is a known issue, and requires the…
Saer Samanipour, Jake O'Brien, Malcolm Reid, Kevin Thomas + 1 more
The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have listed approximately 800k chemicals that must be further investigated for their potential environmental and/or human health risk. A significant number of these chemicals have large enough global volumes of consumption (e.g.…
Authors not listed
As the volume and diversity of bioactivity data in ChEMBL continues to grow, ensuring that assay metadata is standardized, interoperable, and machine-readable is critical for effective use in cheminformatics and ML applications. In this work, we present recent efforts to enhance the quality and granularity of bioassay…
Authors not listed
This research delves into olfaction, a sensory modality that remains complex and inadequately understood. We aim to fill in two gaps in recent studies that attempted to use machine learning and deep learning approaches to predict human smell perception. The first one is that molecules are usually represented with…