25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Pierre A. Guertin
This article provides a perspective on major innovations over the past century in research on the spinal cord and, specifically, on specialized spinal circuits involved in the control of rhythmic locomotor pattern generation and modulation. Pioneers such as Charles Sherrington and Thomas Graham Brown have conducted…
Abigail Snyder, Jonathan Rubin
A central pattern generator (CPG) is a population of neurons producing rhythmic or repetitive behavior (i.e. scratching, walking, masticating) without requiring rhythmic input to the population. Turtles are observed to produce several rhythmic motor patterns in response to stimuli, in particular rostral scratch, pocket…
Kyle G. Horn, Heraldo Memelli, Irene C. Solomon
Most models of central pattern generators (CPGs) involve two distinct nuclei mutually inhibiting one another via synapses. Here, we present a single-nucleus model of biologically realistic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons with random gap junction coupling. Despite no explicit division of neurons into two groups, we observe a…
Thomas Litschel, Michael M. Norton, Vardges Tserunyan, Seth Fraden
We present an experimental system of networks of coupled non-linear chemical reactors, which we theoretically model within a reaction-diffusion framework. The networks consist of patterned arrays of diffusively coupled nanoliter-scale reactors containing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. Microfluidic fabrication…
Anton Sobinov, Sergiy Yakovenko
The coordinated activity of muscles is produced in part by spinal rhythmogenic neural circuits termed the central pattern generators (CPGs). A classical CPG model proposed conceptually by T.G. Brown in 1911 is a system of coupled oscillators transforming locomotor drive into coordinated and gait-specific patterns of…
Ilya A. Rybak, Kimberly J. Dougherty, Natalia A. Shevtsova
Title: Visual Overview
Sajiya Jalil, Dane Allen, Joseph Youker, Andrey Shilnikov
Small groups of interneurons, abbreviated by CPG for central pattern generators, are arranged into neural networks to generate a variety of core bursting rhythms with specific phase-locked states, on distinct time scales, that govern vital motor behaviors in invertebrates such as chewing, swimming, etc. These movements…
Primoz Ravbar, Neil Zhang, Julie H. Simpson
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neurons or neural circuits that produce periodic output without requiring patterned input. More complex behaviors can be assembled from simpler subroutines, and nested CPGs have been proposed to coordinate their repetitive elements, organizing control over different time-scales.…
Vladimir Rancic, Simon Gosgnach, Andrew G. Ewing
In order for locomotion to occur, a complex pattern of muscle activation is required. For more than a century, it has been known that the timing and pattern of stepping movements in mammals are generated by neural networks known as central pattern generators (CPGs), which comprise multiple interneuron cell types…
Yuriy Pryyma, Sergiy Yakovenko
Complex biological systems evolved to control dynamics in the presence of noisy and often unpredictable inputs. The staple example is locomotor control, which is vital for survival. Control of locomotion results from interactions between multiple systems--from passive dynamics of inverted pendulum governing body motion…
Sarah M. Pugliese, Grant M. Chou, Elliott T.T. Abe, Denis Turcu + 3 more
Animal locomotion relies on rhythmic body movements driven by central pattern generators (CPGs): neural circuits that produce oscillating output without oscillating input. However, the circuit structure of a CPG for walking is not known in any animal. To identify the cells and synapses that underlie rhythmic leg…
J. A. Messina, Alison St. Paul, Sarah Hargis, Wengora E. Thompson + 1 more
'Andrew D. McClellan'] The contribution of left-right reciprocal coupling between spinal locomotor networks to the generation of locomotor activity was tested in adult lampreys. Muscle recordings were made from normal animals as well as from experimental animals with rostral midline (ML) spinal lesions (~13%→35% body…
Anshul Singhvi, Harold M. Hastings, Jenny Magnes, Susannah G. Zhang
The small (1 mm) nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Corsi [1], wormbook.org) has become widely used as a model organism; in particular the C. elegans connectome has been completely mapped, and C. elegans locomotion has been widely studied. We describe a minimal reaction-diffusion model for the locomotion of C. elegans…
Miranda Mladinic, Andrea Nistri
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) represent an important tool to study the basic characteristics of spinal networks that control locomotion in physiological conditions. Fundamental properties of this neuronal rhythmicity like burst origin, propagation, coordination, and resilience can, thus, be investigated at multiple…
Elie Aljalbout, Florian Walter, Florian Röhrbein, Alois Knoll
Legged locomotion is a challenging task in the field of robotics but a rather simple one in nature. This motivates the use of biological methodologies as solutions to this problem. Central pattern generators are neural networks that are thought to be responsible for locomotion in humans and some animal species. As for…
Deniz Alaçam, Andrey Shilnikov
We study the rhythmogenesis of oscillatory patterns emerging in network motifs composed of inhibitory coupled tonic spiking neurons represented by the Plant model of R15 nerve cells. Such motifs are argued to be used as building blocks for a larger central pattern generator network controlling swim locomotion of sea…
Carlos García-Saura
Bio-inspired control of motion is an active field of research with many applications in real world tasks. In the case of robotic systems that need to exhibit oscillatory behaviour (i.e. locomotion of snake-type or legged robots), Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) are among the most versatile solutions. These…
Akira Sakurai, Paul S. Katz
Rhythmically active neural circuits often contain reciprocally inhibitory modules that act as half-center oscillators. In half-center oscillators, alternating burst discharges require a mechanism to transition activity from one phase to the next, which requires particular synaptic and membrane properties. Here we found…
Milad Shafiee, Guillaume Bellegarda, Auke Jan Ijspeert
— Quadruped animal locomotion emerges from the interactions between the spinal central pattern generator (CPG), sensory feedback, and supraspinal drive signals from the brain. Computational models of CPGs have been widely used for investigating the spinal cord contribution to animal locomotion control in computational…
Elizaveta M. Latash, Charly Lecomte, Simon M. Danner, Alain Frigon + 2 more
Rhythmic limb movements during locomotion are controlled by a central pattern generator (CPG) circuits located in the spinal cord. It is considered that these circuits are composed of individual rhythm generators (RGs) for each limb interacting with each other through multiple commissural and long propriospinal…
Erick Olivares, Eduardo J. Izquierdo, Randall D. Beer
C. elegans locomotes in an undulatory fashion, generating thrust by propagating dorsoventral bends along its body. While central pattern generators (CPGs) are typically involved in animal locomotion, their presence in C. elegans has been questioned, mainly because there has been no evident circuit that supports…
Takashi Hara, Shuya Hasegawa, Yasushi Iwatani, Atsuo S. Nishino
Swimming locomotion in aquatic vertebrates, such as fish and tadpoles, is expressed through orchestrated operations of central pattern generators. These parallel neuronal circuits are ubiquitously distributed and mutually coupled along the spinal cord to express undulation patterns accommodated to efferent and afferent…
Ronald L. Calabrese, Eve Marder
Thomas Graham Brown made a seminal discovery, published in 1911 while he was a Carnegie Fellow in the University of Liverpool laboratory of Nobel Prize winner Charles S. Sherrington. Working in cats, he showed that rhythmic ‘voluntary’ behaviour, such as stepping and, by inference, walking, does not result from a chain…
Caitlin C. Bannan, David Mobley
Force fields are used in a variety of research fields including computer-aided drug design, biomaterials, and polymer chemistry. However, force fields also continue to limit the accuracy of predictions of physical properties. Current parameterization of these force fields involves a huge amount of human effort -- often…
Brendan D. McKay, Mehmet Aziz Yirik, Christoph Steinbeck
Chemical structure generators are used in cheminformatics to produce or enumerate virtual molecules based on a set of boundary conditions. The result can then be tested for properties of interest, such as adherence to measured data or for their suitability as drugs. The starting point can be a potentially fuzzy set of…