22 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Kai Niu, Ping Zhang
The year 1948 witnessed the historic moment of the birth of classic information theory (CIT). Guided by CIT, modern communication techniques have approached the theoretic limitations, such as, entropy function H(U), channel capacity C = maxp(x) I(X; Y ) and rate-distortion function R(D) = minp(ˆx|x):Ed(x,xˆ)≤D I(X…
Ahmed Hareedy, Beyza Dabak, Robert Calderbank
Constrained codes are used to prevent errors from occurring in various data storage and data transmission systems. They can help in increasing the storage density of magnetic storage devices, in managing the lifetime of electronic storage devices, and in increasing the reliability of data transmission over wires. Over…
İven Güzel, Doğukan Özbayrak, Robert Calderbank, Ahmed Hareedy
Magnetic recording devices are still competitive in the storage density race with solid-state devices thanks to new technologies such as two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR). TDMR offers remarkable storage density increase without the need for new magnetic materials; however, advanced data processing schemes are…
Benny Applebaum, Liron David, Guy Even
A rateless code encodes a finite length information word into an infinitely long codeword such that longer prefixes of the codeword can tolerate a larger fraction of errors. A rateless code achieves capacity for a family of channels if, for every channel in the family, reliable communication is obtained by a prefix of…
Jorge F. Silva, Milan S. Derpich
This work demonstrates a formal connection between density estimation with a data-rate constraint and the joint objective of fixed-rate universal lossy source coding and model identification introduced by Raginsky in 2008 (IEEE TIT, 2008, 54, 3059-3077). Using an equivalent learning formulation, we derive a necessary…
Ahmed Hareedy, Robert Calderbank
—In data storage and data transmission, certain patterns are more likely to be subject to error when written (transmitted) onto the media. In magnetic recording systems with binary data and bipolar non-return-to-zero signaling, patterns that have insufficient separation between consecutive transitions exacerbate…
Kate Roberts, Anthony Dowell, Jing-Bao Nie
Background Navigating the world of qualitative thematic analysis can be challenging. This is compounded by the fact that detailed descriptions of methods are often omitted from qualitative discussions. While qualitative research methodologies are now mature, there often remains a lack of fine detail in their…
Thomas Beaney, Jonathan Clarke, David Salman, Thomas Woodcock + 3 more
'Azeem Majeed' 'Mauricio Barahona' 'Paul Aylin'] Objectives To determine whether the frequency of diagnostic codes for long-term conditions (LTCs) in primary care electronic healthcare records (EHRs) is associated with (1) disease coding incentives, (2) General Practice (GP), (3) patient sociodemographic…
Huanqiu Zhang, Israel Nelken, Tatyana Sharpee
Deciphering the neural code requires identifying its fundamental symbols or code-words. Neural activity is usually interpreted either as a rate code – based on average spike counts – or as a temporal code, which distinguishes patterns with identical counts. Yet, the symbols of the code remain undefined. Here we show…
Rupesh Gautam, S. Murali
— Data compression has become a necessity not only the in the field of communication but also in various scientific experiments. The data that is being received is more and the processing time required has also become more. A significant change in the algorithms will help to optimize the processing speed. With the…
Inge Stortenbeker, Lisa Salm, Tim olde Hartman, Wyke Stommel + 2 more
'Enny Das' 'Sandra van Dulmen'] Background The quality of communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients affects health outcomes. Different coding systems have been developed to unravel the interaction. Most schemes consist of predefined categories that quantify the content of communication (the…
Gena Nelson, Sarah Quinn, Sean Grant, Shaina D. Trevino + 5 more
Study coding is an essential component of the research synthesis process. Data extracted during study coding serve as a direct link between the included studies and the synthesis results, allowing reviewers to justify claims about the findings from a set of related studies. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide…
Y. Liu, J. Kim, C. Wilson, M. Bedny
Despite the importance of programming to modern society, the cognitive and neural bases of code comprehension are largely unknown. Programming languages might ‘recycle’ neurocognitive mechanisms originally used for natural languages. Alternatively, comprehension of code could depend on fronto-parietal networks shared…
Romain Brette
“Neural coding” is a popular metaphor in neuroscience, where objective properties of the world are communicated to the brain in the form of spikes. Here I argue that this metaphor is often inappropriate and misleading. First, when neurons are said to encode experimental parameters, the implied communication channel…
А. В. Анисимов, Igor O. Zavadskyi
Variable-length splittable codes are derived from encoding sequences of ordered integer pairs, where one of the pair's components is upper bounded by some constant, and the other one is any positive integer. Each pair is encoded by the concatenation of two fixed independent prefix encoding functions applied to the…
Nora Tu, Mackenzie Henderson, Meera Sundararajan, Maribel Salas
Background International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth revisions, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM, ICD-10-CM) are frequently used in the U.S. by health insurers and disease registries, and are often recorded in electronic medical records. Due to their widespread use, ICD-based codes are a valuable source of…
Balaji Kumar, Supreet Saini
Many theories have been proposed attempting to explain the origin of the genetic code. While strong reasons remain to believe that the genetic code evolved as a frozen accident, at least for the first few amino acids, other theories remain viable. In this work, we test the optimality of the standard genetic code…
Aaron M. Love, Nikhil U. Nair
As cellular engineering progresses from simply overexpressing proteins to imparting complex metabolic and regulatory phenotypes through multigene expression, judicious appropriation of cellular resources is essential. Since there is degeneracy in codons and their use is biased, codons may control cellular resources at…
Bastian Wiederhold, Martin Stemmler, Andreas V.M. Herz
While our senses transmit information at rates exceeding 10^6^ bit/s, high-level cognitive processing is thought to be much slower, on the order of 10 bit/s regardless of the task^1^. It is unclear, though, whether this limit holds when the human mind is challenged. To test how fast one can process abstract…
H. Yamamoto, Masato Tsuchihashi, Junya Honda
We propose almost instantaneous fixed-to-variable-length (AIFV) codes such that two (resp. K − 1) code trees are used if code symbols are binary (resp. K-ary for K ≥ 3), and source symbols are assigned to incomplete internal nodes in addition to leaves. Although the AIFV codes are not instantaneous codes, they are…
You Kyoung Chung, Dongkeun Lee, Junho Lee, Jaehee Kim + 2 more
Codon optimization is crucial for gene expression in heterologous hosts with varying genetic codes and codon usage, potentially resulting in enhanced protein expression and stability. Traditionally, the codon optimization problem has been solved using classical numerical techniques; however, with recent advancements…
Juan Rico, Luis Javier Echevarría-González de Garibay, María García-López, Sandra Guardiola-Vilarroig + 3 more
'María García-López' 'Sandra Guardiola-Vilarroig' 'Luis Alberto Maceda-Roldán' 'Óscar Zurriaga' 'Clara Cavero-Carbonell'] Background Rare diseases present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and severity levels and are often poorly known and underrepresented, making them difficult to classify. Diagnoses are…