23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Tianqi Wu, Haisha Zhang, Kun Wu
Diverse interpretations of the fundamental nature of the world and its evolutionary patterns have shaped multiple paradigms of scientific and philosophical thinking. At the micro level, ontological understandings have evolved from the ancient Greek atomic theory to modern conceptions based on dynamic energy fields. At…
Dario Javier Zamora
> Quantifying complexity in physical systems remains a fundamental challenge, and many proposed measures fail to capture the structural features that intuitive or theoretical considerations would demand. Among them, the L´opez-Ruiz–Mancini–Calbet (LMC) statistical complexity has been widely cited due to its simplicity…
Federico Riva, Caio Graco-Roza, Gergana N. Daskalova, Emma J. Hudgins + 4 more
'Emma J. Hudgins' 'Jayme M.\xa0M. Lewthwaite' 'Erica A. Newman' 'Masahiro Ryo' 'Stefano Mammola'] Ecological systems are quintessentially complex systems. Understanding and being able to predict phenomena typical of complex systems is, therefore, critical to progress in ecology and conservation amidst escalating global…
Alexander F. Siegenfeld, Yaneer Bar-Yam, António Lopes
Ashby’s law of requisite variety allows a comparison of systems with their environments, providing a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for system efficacy: A system must possess at least as much complexity as any set of environmental behaviors that require distinct responses from the system. However, to account…
Anna Kravchenko, Andrey A Bagrov, Mikhail I Katsnelson, Veronica Dudarev
While intuitive for humans, the concept of visual complexity is hard to define and quantify formally. We suggest adopting the multiscale structural complexity (MSSC) measure, an approach that defines structural complexity of an object as the amount of dissimilarities between distinct scales in its hierarchical…
Xiaoming Mao, Nicholas A. Kotov
Nature hosts a wealth of materials showcasing intricate structures intertwining order, disorder, and hierarchy, delivering resilient multifunctionality surpassing perfect crystals or simplistic disordered materials. The engineering of such materials through nanoparticle assembly represents a burgeoning field, poised…
Adrian Krzyzanowski, Axel Pahl, Michael Grigalunas, Herbert Waldmann
The fraction of sp3 hybridised carbons (Fsp3) and the fraction of stereogenic carbons (FCstereo) are two widely employed scores of molecular complexity with a strong link to biologically relevant features such as frequency, potency and selectivity of protein binding. However, due to their simplistic nature, they do not…
Haoyu Wang, Changqing Song, Peichao Gao, Javier Borge-Holthoefer
Complexity and entropy play crucial roles in understanding dynamic systems across various disciplines. Many intuitively perceive them as distinct measures and assume that they have a concave-down relationship. In everyday life, there is a common consensus that while entropy never decreases, complexity does decrease…
Alexander F. Siegenfeld, Yaneer Bar‐Yam
Ashby's law of requisite variety allows a comparison of systems with their environments, providing a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for system efficacy: a system must possess at least as much complexity as any set of environmental behaviors that require distinct responses from the system. However, the…
Florian Neukart, Valerii Vinokur
Thermodynamic Coordinate Authors: ['Florian Neukart' 'Valerii Vinokur'] - Developed a thermodynamic–complexity duality, treating computational difficulty as a formal thermodynamic coordinate. - Extended the first law of thermodynamics to include a "complexity potential," capturing energy costs of algorithmic hardness…
Kamal Dingle, Pascal Hagolani, Roland Zimm, Muhammad Umar + 2 more
By linking genetic sequences to phenotypic traits, genotype-phenotype maps represent a key layer in biological organisation. Their structure modulates the effects of genetic mutations, shaping evolutionary outcomes. Recent work based on algorithmic information theory introduced an upper bound on the likelihood of a…
Jurgen Riedel, Chris P. Barnes
In this study we examine the emergence of complex biological patterns through the lens of reaction-diffusion systems. We introduce two novel complexity metrics, Diversity of Number of States (DNOS) and Diversity of Pattern Complexity (DPC), which aim to quantify structural intricacies in pattern formation, enhancing…
Benjamin Scharte
The concept of resilience intrinsically links with both complexity and adaptive capacity. Scholars from different fields agree on this. Still, the detailed relations between resilience, complexity, and adaptive capacity need a more thorough theoretical analysis. This article analyses resilience with the help of…
Samuel Planton, Fosca Al Roumi, Liping Wang, Stanislas Dehaene
According to the language of thought hypothesis, regular sequences are compressed in human working memory using recursive loops akin to a mental program that predicts future items. We tested this theory by probing working memory for 16-item sequences made of two sounds. We recorded brain activity with functional MRI…
Al-Azki, Ibrahim, Baccetti, Valentina
Complex systems exhibit macroscopic behaviors that emerge from the coordinated interactions of their individual components. Understanding the microscopic origins of these emergent properties remains challenging, particularly in systems beyond canonical examples, due to the absence of a generalized framework for…
Jan Žižka
Software systems are expansive, exhibiting behaviors characteristic of complex systems, such as self-organization and emergence. These systems, highlighted by advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and other AI applications developed by entities like DeepMind and OpenAI showcase remarkable properties. Despite…
Eric Smith, Harrison B. Smith, Jakob Lykke Andersen
We consider problems in the functional analysis and evolution of combinatorial chemical reaction networks as rule-based, or three-level systems. The first level consists of rules, realized here as graph-grammar representations of reaction mechanisms. The second level consists of stoichiometric networks of molecules and…
Agustín Ostachuk
It is often thought that the primitive is simpler, and that the complex is generated from the simple by some process of self-assembly or self-organization, which ultimately consists of the spontaneous and fortuitous collision of elementary units. This idea is included in the Darwinian theory of evolution, to which is…
Yoshiharu Mukouyama, Kenya Tanaka, Shuji Nakanishi, Yoshihiro Nakato
The present work reveals that a prebiotic chemical system can generate self-organizing ability that leads to highly ordered structures and an active character such as free independent harmonious behavior. This result is the properties of natural things that have long been overlooked since Darwin’s theory of evolution…
Authors not listed
Active assembly of matter is a defining trait of living systems, enabling the creation of far-from-equilibrium materials essential for the functionality of life. This is achieved through energy-dissipative, multi-step processes facilitated by various biomolecular agents for chemical and mechanical assembly of matter.…
Brittany Story, Biswajit Sadhu, Henry Adams, Aurora Clark
Recent work (J. Chem. Phys. 154, 114114) has demonstrated that sublevelset persistent homology provides a compact representation of the complex features of an energy landscape in $3N$-dimensions. This includes information about all transition paths between local minima (connected by critical points of index > 1), and…
Yoshiharu Mukouyama, Kenya Tanaka, Shuji Nakanishi, Yoshihiro Nakato
The emergence of life on Earth has attracted intense attention but remains unclear. A key problem is that the question of how living organisms can exhibit self-organizing ability that leads to highly ordered structures and active free independent behavior remains unanswered. This work reveals, by computer simulation…
Authors not listed
Sequence is the critical determinant of macromolecular function, yet current polymer design approaches often optimize monomer composition and ratios while ignoring sequence. This creates poorly defined design spaces for active learning that miss the vast combinatorial landscape of sequence possibilities. We introduce…