27 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
David S. Thompson, Xavier Fazio, Erika Kustra, Linda Patrick + 1 more
'Darren Stanley'] Background There are calls for better application of theory in health services research. Research exploring knowledge translation and interprofessional collaboration are two examples, and in both areas, complexity theory has been identified as potentially useful. However, how best to conceptualize and…
Alexander F. Siegenfeld, Yaneer Bar‐Yam
The standard assumptions that underlie many conceptual and quantitative frameworks do not hold for many complex physical, biological, and social systems. Complex systems science clarifies when and why such assumptions fail and provides alternative frameworks for understanding the properties of complex systems. This…
Jarosław Klamut, Ryszard Kutner, Zbigniew R. Struzik
Recently, it has been argued that entropy can be a direct measure of complexity, where the smaller value of entropy indicates lower system complexity, while its larger value indicates higher system complexity. We dispute this view and propose a universal measure of complexity that is based on Gell-Mann’s view of…
Gary R. Prok
Incompleteness theorems of Gödel, Turing, Chaitin, and Algorithmic Information Theory have profound epistemological implications. Incompleteness limits our ability to ever understand every observable phenomenon in the universe. Incompleteness limits the ability of evolutionary processes from finding optimal solutions.…
Nancy Rebout, Jean-Christophe Lone, Arianna De Marco, Roberto Cozzolino + 2 more
'Roberto Cozzolino' 'Alban Lemasson' 'Bernard Thierry'] While there is no consensus about the definition of complexity, it is widely accepted that the ability to produce uncertainty is the most prominent characteristic of complex systems. We introduce new metrics that purport to quantify the complexity of living…
Tianqi Wu, Haisha Zhang, Kun Wu
Diverse interpretations of the fundamental nature of the world and its evolutionary patterns have shaped multiple paradigms of scientific and philosophical thinking. At the micro level, ontological understandings have evolved from the ancient Greek atomic theory to modern conceptions based on dynamic energy fields. At…
Pier Luigi Gentili
The goals and targets included in the 2030 Agenda compiled by the United Nations want to stimulate action in areas of critical importance for humanity and the Earth. These goals and targets regard everyone on Earth from both the health and economic and social perspectives. Reaching these goals means to deal with…
Luciano da Fontoura Costa, Guilherme S. Domingues
Complexity remains one of the central challenges in science and technology. Although several approaches at defining and/or quantifying complexity have been proposed, at some point each of them seems to run into intrinsic limitations. Two are the main objectives of the present work: (i) to review some of the main…
Joost J. Joosten
Wolfram's Principle of Computational Equivalence (PCE) implies that universal complexity abounds in nature. This paper comprises three sections. In the first section we consider the question why there are so many universal phenomena around. So, in a sense, we seek a driving force behind the PCE if any. We postulate a…
David L. Abel
To what degree could chaos and complexity have organized a Peptide or RNA World of crude yet necessarily integrated protometabolism? How far could such protolife evolve in the absence of a heritable linear digital symbol system that could mutate, instruct, regulate, optimize and maintain metabolic homeostasis? To…
Carlos Gershenson
Ashby's law of requisite variety states that a controller must have at least as much variety (complexity) as the controlled. Maturana and Varela proposed autopoiesis (self-production) to define living systems. Living systems also require to fulfill the law of requisite variety. A measure of autopoiesis has been…
Mariano Bizzarri, Oleg Naimark, José Nieto-Villar, Valeria Fedeli + 1 more
'Alessandro Giuliani'] The “magic” word complexity evokes a multitude of meanings that obscure its real sense. Here we try and generate a bottom-up reconstruction of the deep sense of complexity by looking at the convergence of different features shared by complex systems. We specifically focus on complexity in biology…
Juste Raimbault
Several approaches and corresponding definitions of complexity have been developed in different fields. Urban systems are the archetype of complex socio-technical systems concerned with these different viewpoints. We suggest in this chapter some links between three types of complexity, namely emergence, computational…
David H. Wolpert, Kyle Harper
evolution Authors: ['David H. Wolpert' 'Kyle Harper'] Social evolutionary theory seeks to explain increases in the scale and complexity of human societies, from origins to present. Over the course of the twentieth century, social evolutionary theory largely fell out of favor as a way of investigating human history…
TF Varley, A Luppi, I Pappas, L Naci + 4 more
The brain is possibly the most complex system known to mankind, and its complexity has been called upon to explain the emergence of consciousness. However, complexity can take many forms: here, we investigate measures of algorithmic and process complexity in both the temporal and topological dimension, testing them on…
Alexander F. Siegenfeld, Yaneer Bar‐Yam
Ashby's law of requisite variety allows a comparison of systems with their environments, providing a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for system efficacy: a system must possess at least as much complexity as any set of environmental behaviors that require distinct responses from the system. However, the…
Jakub Nowosad, Tomasz F. Stepinski
Comparing a large number of landscapes calls for using the smallest possible set of landscape metrics. The overall complexity of land-scape pattern is the single most important metric, but the standard set of landscape metrics lacks the bona fide indicator of complexity. Demonstrate that information theory provides a…
Chien-Hung Huang, Jeffrey J. P. Tsai, Nilubon Kurubanjerdjit, Ka-Lok Ng
Molecular networks are modeled as directed multigraphs, so-called network motifs. Spectral graph theory, reciprocal link and complexity measures were utilized to quantify network motifs. It was found that graph energy, reciprocal link and cyclomatic complexity can optimally specify network motifs with some degree of…
Roberto C. Sotero, Lazaro M. Sanchez-Rodriguez, Narges Moradi
The complexity of brain activity has been observed at many spatial scales and there exists increasing evidence supporting its use in differentiating between mental states and disorders. Here we proposed a new measure of network (global) complexity that is constructed as the sum of the complexities of its nodes (i.e…
Tiasa Mondol, Daniel G. Brown, Ercan Kuruoglu
We build an analysis based on the Algorithmic Information Theory of computational creativity and extend it to revisit computational aesthetics, thereby, improving on the existing efforts of its formulation. We discuss Kolmogorov complexity, models and randomness deficiency (which is a measure of how much a model falls…
Mikhail I. Katsnelson, Yuri I. Wolf, Eugene V. Koonin
Biological systems reach organizational complexity that far exceeds the complexity of any known inanimate objects. Biological entities undoubtedly obey the laws of quantum physics and statistical mechanics. However, is modern physics sufficient to adequately describe, model and explain the evolution of biological…
Andrés Moya, José L. Oliver, Miguel Verdú, Luis Delaye + 9 more
Progressive evolution, the tendency towards increasing complexity, is a controversial issue in Biology, whose resolution requires a proper measurement of complexity. Genomes are the best entities to address this challenge, as they record the history and information gaining of organisms in their ongoing biotic and…
Authors not listed
A framework for catalysis based on categorical aperture selection rather than temporal acceleration is presented. Traditional catalysis theory describes catalysts as agents that accelerate reactions by lowering activation energies, implicitly treating time as the fundamental variable and reaction rate enhancement as…
Juan G. Diaz Ochoa
Explanations based on low level interacting elements are valuable and powerful since they contribute to identify the key mechanisms of biological functions. However, many dynamic systems based on low level interacting elements with unambiguous, finite and complete information of initial states generate future states…
Authors not listed
Step-by-step thinking is essential in all domains of chemical sciences and engineering. While machine learning tools are broadly used, algorithms that automate reasoning are far less common. We elaborate on seven categories of human reasoning activities and connect each to applications in chemical science and…
Yoshiharu Mukouyama, Kenya Tanaka, Shuji Nakanishi, Yoshihiro Nakato
The present work reveals that a prebiotic chemical system can generate self-organizing ability that leads to highly ordered structures and an active character such as free independent harmonious behavior. This result is the properties of natural things that have long been overlooked since Darwin’s theory of evolution…
Authors not listed
This work establishes theoretical foundations for hierarchical quantum-classical algorithm design, where complex problems are decomposed across multiple spatial, temporal, or organizational scales with quantum and classical computation assigned to appropriate levels. We develop a mathematical framework that…