25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Eileen Pfeiffer Flores, Jorge Mendes de Oliveira-Castro, Carlos Barbosa Alves de Souza
We offer an account of reading comprehension that we believe will help clarify some common conceptual confusions in the relevant literature, as well as contribute to existing functional accounts. We argue that defining texts qua texts as stimulus classes, on the one hand, and equating “comprehension” with behavior…
Miho Fuyama, Rosario Lo Franco
When reading a novel or poem, readers sometimes gain comprehension or experiences that cannot be expressed in language yet are felt as holistic. Previous studies focused on the linguistically expressible aspects of text comprehension. In this study, we propose a new hypothesis, the purification comprehension…
Yuan Miao, Gongqi Lin, Yidan Hu, Chunyan Miao
Reading comprehension is an important ability of human intelligence. Literacy and numeracy are two most essential foundation for people to succeed at study, at work and in life. Reading comprehension ability is a core component of literacy. In most of the education systems, developing reading comprehension ability is…
Holly Joseph, Elizabeth Wonnacott, Kate Nation
Inference generation and comprehension monitoring are essential elements of successful reading comprehension. While both improve with age and reading development, little is known about when and how children make inferences and monitor their comprehension during the reading process itself. Over two experiments, we…
Yongjie Xiao, Hongru Liang, Peixin Qin, Yao Zhang + 1 more
Despite the great potential of large language models (LLMs) in machine comprehension, it is still disturbing to fully count on them in realworld scenarios. This is probably because there is no rational explanation for whether the comprehension process of LLMs is aligned with that of experts. In this paper, we propose…
Saku Sugawara, Pontus Stenetorp, Akiko Aizawa
Machine reading comprehension (MRC) has received considerable attention as a benchmark for natural language understanding. However, the conventional task design of MRC lacks explainability beyond the model interpretation, i.e., reading comprehension by a model cannot be explained in human terms. To this end, this…
Safiye Çiftlikli, Özcan Demirel
The most important thing in effective communication is understanding not only what is said, but also why it is said. Therefore, the development of pragmatic competence in another language is essential to be able to communicate effectively. Pragmatic competence plays an important role in enabling interlocutors to work…
Heikki Lyytinen, Natalia Louleli, Luigi De Gennaro, Pierluigi Zoccolotti
'Pierluigi Zoccolotti'] Possibly some of the most important skills that one can have are those needed to become fully literate. We all wish our children to reach such a goal. Unfortunately, the focus of attention in reading research has been on acquiring readiness to sound out written language, i.e., the basic reading…
Charlotte Caucheteux, Alexandre Gramfort, Jean-Rémi King
Language transformers, like GPT-2, have demonstrated remarkable abilities to process text, and now constitute the backbone of deep translation, summarization and dialogue algorithms. However, whether these models encode information that relates to human comprehension remains controversial. Here, we show that the…
Avi Chawla
Reading Comprehension (RC) is a task of answering a question from a given passage or a set of passages. In the case of multiple passages, the task is to find the best possible answer to the question. Recent trials and experiments in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) have proved that machines can be…
Vatsal Raina, Adian Liusie, Mark Gales
Multiple-choice reading and listening comprehension tests are an important part of language assessment. Content creators for standard educational tests need to carefully curate questions that assess the comprehension abilities of candidates taking the tests. However, recent work has shown that a large number of…
Aiping Zhao, Ying Guo, Shuyan Sun, Mark H. C. Lai + 2 more
'Miao Li'] This study examined how vocabulary, syntactic knowledge, and orthographic knowledge are related to comprehension monitoring and whether comprehension monitoring mediates the relations between these language skills and reading comprehension. Eighty-nine Chinese children were assessed on their vocabulary…
Malathi Thothathiri, Jana Basnakova, Ashley G. Lewis, Josephine M. Briand
Sentence comprehension is highly practiced and largely automatic, but this belies the complexity of the underlying processes. We used functional neuroimaging (fMRI) to investigate garden-path sentences that cause difficulty during comprehension, in order to unpack the different processes used to support sentence…
Takeshi Onishi
Constructing a machine that understands human language is one of the most elusive and long-standing challenges in artificial intelligence. This thesis addresses this challenge through studies of reading comprehension with a focus on understanding entities and their relationships. More specifically, we focus on question…
Kelly Mahaffy, Nabin Koirala, Daniel Kleinman, Nicole Landi
Poor comprehenders have typical word reading skill and intelligence but poorer than expected reading comprehension. While the prevalence of poor comprehenders is similar to that of poor decoders (individuals who have difficulty fluently converting written text into spoken language), less is known about the…
Théo Desbordes, Yair Lakretz, Valérie Chanoine, Maxime Oquab + 6 more
A sentence is more than the sum of its words: its meaning depends on how they combine with one another. The brain mechanisms underlying such semantic composition remain poorly understood. To shed light on the neural vector code underlying semantic composition, we introduce two hypotheses: First, the intrinsic…
Ran Wang, Kun Tao, Dingjie Song, Zhilong Zhang + 3 more
'Xiao Hong Su' 'Xinyu Dai'] Existing question answering systems can only predict answers without explicit reasoning processes, which hinder their explainability and make us overestimate their ability of understanding and reasoning over natural language. In this work, we propose a novel task of reading comprehension, in…
Carina Kauf, Hee So Kim, Elizabeth J. Lee, Niharika Jhingan + 4 more
Human language comprehension is remarkably robust to ill-formed inputs (e.g., word transpositions). This robustness has led some to argue that syntactic parsing is largely an illusion, and that incremental comprehension is more heuristic, shallow, and semantics-based than is often assumed. However, the available data…
Mariya Toneva, Tom M. Mitchell, Leila Wehbe
To study a core component of human intelligence—our ability to combine the meaning of words—neuroscientists look for neural correlates of meaning composition, such as brain activity proportional to the difficulty of understanding a sentence. However, little is known about the product of meaning composition in the…
Dao Xuan-Quy, Le Ngoc-Bich, Vo The-Duy, Ngo Bac-Bien + 1 more
This study evaluates the potential and challenges of large langue models (LLMs) for education in chemistry. Specifically, we analyze the performance of two state -of-the art of LLMs, ChatGPT and Microsoft Bing AI Chat, on a quiz dataset consisting of 200 multiple-choice questions in chemistry at the high school level.…
Zijian Zhang, Sara Aronowitz, Alán Aspuru‐Guzik
catalysts, and learning Authors: ['Zijian Zhang' 'Sara Aronowitz' 'Alán Aspuru‐Guzik'] Understanding is a crucial yet elusive concept in artificial intelligence (AI). This work proposes a framework for analyzing understanding based on the notion of composability. Given any subject (e.g., a person or an AI), we suggest…
Authors not listed
Step-by-step thinking is essential in all domains of chemical sciences and engineering. While machine learning tools are broadly used, algorithms that automate reasoning are far less common. We elaborate on seven categories of human reasoning activities and connect each to applications in chemical science and…
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ESIPT-based fluorochromes are a type of promising materials for the detection of various chemical/biological species, especially the metal cations. Herein, we elaborately designed a prototypical ESIPT-active ɑ-naphtholphthalein- derived “turn-on” fluorogenic tweezers NPDM for selectively detecting and visualizing Al3+…
Szu Szu Ling, Fabrice Saffre, Deborah L. Gater, Lilia Halim + 1 more
Computer quiz games are introduced to improve teaching and learning in a freshman engineering chemistry course in an English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) environment. These quiz games are developed and implemented as a supplemental and augmentative tool to enhance traditionally delivered lectures. The paper shows an…
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Incorporating prior domain knowledge into Bayesian optimization (BO) remains difficult for statistical methods, which also typically suffer from limited interpretability. Large language models (LLMs) offer complementary strengths in reasoning and knowledge integration, but it remains unclear when and how they improve…