27 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Leonardo Fernandino, Jia-Qing Tong, Lisa L. Conant, Colin J. Humphries + 1 more
The nature of the representational code underlying conceptual knowledge remains a major unsolved problem in cognitive neuroscience. We assessed the extent to which different representational systems contribute to the instantiation of lexical concepts in high-level, heteromodal cortical areas previously associated with…
Haoyu Chen, Xueling Ning, Lingwei Wang, Jiongjiong Yang
One influential theory on object knowledge is feature-based model, which proposes that the object knowledge is organized by different feature types, such as sensory/perceptual and motor/functional ones. Previous studies have shown that prior knowledge enhances the processes of acquiring and remembering relevant…
Hao Peng, Xiaozhi Wang, Shengding Hu, Hailong Jin + 4 more
'Juanzi Li' 'Zhiyuan Liu' 'Qun Liu'] Conceptual knowledge is fundamental to human cognition and knowledge bases. However, existing knowledge probing works only focus on evaluating factual knowledge of pre-trained language models (PLMs) and ignore conceptual knowledge. Since conceptual knowledge often appears as…
Justin C. Hayes, David J. M. Kraemer
Characterizing the neural implementation of abstract conceptual representations has long been a contentious topic in cognitive science. At the heart of the debate is whether the “sensorimotor” machinery of the brain plays a central role in representing concepts, or whether the involvement of these perceptual and motor…
Shuang Tian, Xiaomin Mao, Rui Feng, Dahui Wang + 2 more
Both object knowledge retrieval and sensory imagery generation engage perceptual regions in the brain and exhibit representational overlap with perception. However, whether these processes rely on common or distinct internal representations remains unclear. We conducted an fMRI visual working memory experiment in…
Tim Reinboth, Igor Farkaš
Abstraction, one of the hallmarks of human cognition, continues to be the topic of a strong debate. The primary disagreement concerns whether or not abstract concepts can be accounted for within the scope of embodied cognition. In this paper, we introduce the embodied approach to conceptual knowledge and distinguish…
Ivy Zhou, Tijl Grootswagers, Blake Segula, Amanda Robinson + 3 more
Guided by the observation that similar words in language occur in similar contexts, linguistic computational models trained on statistics of word co-occurrence in texts were shown to be effective in modelling both human performance in psycholinguistic tasks and semantically imbued representations in the brain. But, it…
Gadi Singer, Joscha Bach, Tetiana Grinberg, Nagib Hakim + 3 more
'Phillip Howard' 'Vasudev Lal' 'Zev Rivlin'] Abstract. While end-to-end learning systems are rapidly gaining capabilities and popularity, the increasing computational demands for deploying such systems, along with a lack of flexibility, adaptability, explainability, reasoning and verification capabilities, require new…
Nicolás Alessandroni, Lambros Malafouris, Shaun Gallagher, Juliene Madureira Ferreira
'Juliene Madureira Ferreira'] Although post-cognitivist approaches have shaken the status quo by emphasising the dynamic interactions among the brain, the body, and the environment in cognition, mainstream psychological theories continue to view concepts as primarily representational or skull-bound mental phenomena. As…
Xiaoying Wang, Weiwei Men, Jiahong Gao, Alfonso Caramazza + 1 more
Sensory experience shapes what and how knowledge is stored in the brain -- our knowledge about the color of roses depends in part on the activity of color-responsive neurons based on experiences of seeing roses. We study the brain basis of color knowledge in congenitally blind individuals whose color knowledge can only…
Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi, Julian Zubek
Research concerning concepts in the cognitive sciences has been dominated by the information-processing approach, which has resulted in a certain narrowing of the range of questions and methods of investigation. Recent trends have sought to broaden the scope of such research, but they have not yet been integrated…
Stephanie Nelli, Lukas Braun, Tsvetomira Dumbalska, Andrew Saxe + 1 more
Human understanding of the world can change rapidly when new information comes to light, such as when a plot twist occurs in a work of fiction. This flexible “knowledge assembly” requires few-shot reorganisation of neural codes for relations among objects and events. However, existing computational theories are largely…
Hui Wei
A conceptual system with rich connotation is key to improving the performance of knowledge-based artificial intelligence systems. While a conceptual system, which has abundant concepts and rich semantic relationships, and is developable, evolvable, and adaptable to multi-task environments, its actual construction is…
T. R. Gopalakrishnan Nair, Meenakshi Malhotra
1 Saudi Aramco Endowed Chair, Technology and Information Management, PMU. KSA 2Vice President Aadvanced AI and Bio Computing, RIIC, D. S. Institutions,Bangalore, India 3 Advanced AI and Bio Computing, RIIC, D. S. Institutions, Bangalore, India 4 (Lecturer): Dept. of Computer Science Eng, The Oxford College of…
Rüdiger J. Seitz, Raymond F. Paloutzian, Hans‐Ferdinand Angel
5## SEMANTIC CODING OF CONCEPTUAL BELIEFS Figure [brb33470-fig-0001] schematically illustrates that people may become consciously aware of what they believe. They can thereby express what they believe from a first-person perspective in statements starting with “I believe …” (Oakley & Halligan, ). Empirical evidence…
Wenguan Wang, Yi Yang, Yunhe Pan
Visual knowledge is a new form of knowledge representation that can encapsulate visual concepts and their relations in a succinct, comprehensive, and interpretable manner, with a deep root in cognitive psychology. As the knowledge about the visual world has been identified as an indispensable component of human…
Authors not listed
In philosophy and science, a first principle is a basic proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption. Ancient Greek philosophy Aristotle defined the first principle as “the first basis from which a thing is known.” First principles thinking (or reasoning from first…
Jennifer H. Coane, John Cipollini, Talia E. Barrett, Joshua Kavaler + 1 more
'Sharda Umanath'] The present study examined how lay participants define the following concepts used widely in psychology: being intelligent, knowing, and remembering. In the scientific community, knowledge overlaps with the contents of semantic memory, crystallized intelligence reflects the accumulation of knowledge…
James P. Delgrande, Birte Glimm, Thomas Meyer, Mirosław Truszczyński + 1 more
'Frank Wolter'] Knowledge Representation and Reasoning is a central, longstanding, and active area of Artificial Intelligence. Over the years it has evolved significantly; more recently it has been challenged and complemented by research in areas such as machine learning and reasoning under uncertainty. In July 2022 a…
Haoxi Zhang, Cesar Sanín, Edward Szczerbicki, Ming Zhu
In this paper, we propose the Neural Knowledge DNA, a framework that tailors the ideas underlying the success of neural networks to the scope of knowledge representation. Knowledge representation is a fundamental field that dedicate to representing information about the world in a form that computer systems can utilize…
Jürgen Jost
We investigate the basic principles of structural knowledge. Structural knowledge underlies cognition, and it organizes, selects and assigns meaning to information. It is the result of evolutionary, cultural and developmental processes. Because of its own constraints, it needs to discover and exploit regularities and…
Charlotte Neidiger, Tarek Saier, Kai Kühn, Victor Larignon + 12 more
In this work, a concept for an open chemistry knowledge base was developed to integrate chemical research results into a collaboratively usable platform. To achieve this, we enhanced Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) to support the collection and structured summary of chemical data contained in publications. We implemented…
Authors not listed
Step-by-step thinking is essential in all domains of chemical sciences and engineering. While machine learning tools are broadly used, algorithms that automate reasoning are far less common. We elaborate on seven categories of human reasoning activities and connect each to applications in chemical science and…
Kan Hatakeyama-Sato, Naoki Yamane, Yasuhiko Igarashi, Yuta Nabae + 1 more
This paper evaluates the capabilities and limitations of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) in chemical research. Although GPT-4 exhibits remarkable proficiencies, it is evident that the quality of input data significantly affects its performance. We explore GPT-4's potential in chemical tasks, such as…
Antonio Lieto
This article addresses an open problem in the area of cognitive systems and architectures: namely the problem of handling (in terms of processing and reasoning capabilities) complex knowledge structures that can be at least plausibly comparable, both in terms of size and of typology of the encoded information, to the…
Shubin Liu, Chunying Rong, Dongbo Zhao, Xin He
Density functional theory well-recognized by its accuracy and efficiency has become the workhorse for modeling the electronic structure of molecules and extended materials in the past decades. Nevertheless, how to establish a density-based conceptual framework to appreciate bonding, stability, function, reactivity, and…
Tianfan Jin, Brett M Savoie
Contemporary machine learning algorithms have largely succeeded in automating the development of mathematical models from data. Although this is a striking accomplishment, it leaves unaddressed the multitude of scenarios, especially across the chemical sciences and engineering, where deductive, rather than inductive…