17 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Philip G. Calabrese
2## Deduction Let us now move on to consider deductions, which are not supposed to merely be a qualification on some context as in general are indicative conditionals. Deductions are meant to be absolute implications. No exceptions. From the model or extensional point of view, a deductive statement between propositions…
Authors not listed
Step-by-step thinking is essential in all domains of chemical sciences and engineering. While machine learning tools are broadly used, algorithms that automate reasoning are far less common. We elaborate on seven categories of human reasoning activities and connect each to applications in chemical science and…
Greta Coraglia, Ivan Di Liberti
We introduce judgemental theories and their calculi as a general framework to present and study deductive systems. As an exemplification of their expressivity, we approach dependent type theory and natural deduction as special kinds of judgemental theories. Our analysis sheds light on both the topics, providing a new…
Burgess, Andrea C., Clarke, Nancy E. + 4 more
The deduction game may be thought of as a variant on the classical game of cops and robber in which the cops (searchers) aim to capture an invisible robber (evader); each cop is allowed to move at most once, and cops situated on different vertices cannot communicate to co-ordinate their strategy. In this paper, we…
Tianfan Jin, Brett M Savoie
Contemporary machine learning algorithms have largely succeeded in automating the development of mathematical models from data. Although this is a striking accomplishment, it leaves unaddressed the multitude of scenarios, especially across the chemical sciences and engineering, where deductive, rather than inductive…
Donald J. DeGracia, Fika Tri Anggraini, Doaa Taha Metwally Taha, Zhi-Feng Huang
'Zhi-Feng Huang'] Many clinically relevant forms of acute injury, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and myocardial infarction, have resisted treatments to prevent cell death following injury. The clinical failures can be linked to the currently used inductive models based on biological specifics of the injury…
Gilles Dowek
Contemporary proof theory goes into several directions at the same time. One of them aims at analyzing proofs, propositions, connectives, etc., that is at decomposing them into more atomic objects. This often leads to design systems that are weaker than Predicate logic, but that have better algebraic or computational…
Xiaoyu Chen, Dongming Wang
We study the data space D of any given data set X and explain how functions and relations are defined over D. From D and for a specific domain ∆ we construct the information space I of X by interpreting variables, functions, and explicit relations over D in ∆ and by including other relations that D implies under the…
Donald J. Jacobs, Ryszard Kutner, H. Eugene Stanley, Christophe Schinckus
'Christophe Schinckus'] How can an income tax system be designed to exploit human nature and a free market to create a poverty free society, while balancing budgets without disproportional tax burdens? Such a tax system, with universal character, is deduced from the following guiding principles: (1) a single tax rate…
Shuai Xiao, Chen Pan, Min Wang, Xinxin Zhu + 5 more
'Yunhua Hu' 'James Zhang' 'Jinghua Feng'] Automatic bill payment is an important part of business operations in fintech companies. The practice of deduction was mainly based on the total amount or heuristic search by dividing the bill into smaller parts to deduct as much as possible. This article proposes an end-to-end…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Roderick Batchelor
We present some new methods for logical deduction, based on ideas from ground theory. Roughly speaking, in our calculi a typical deduction will proceed as follows: we first analyse the premiss down to its ultimate grounds; then we discard information irrelevant to the conclusion; and then we synthesize the conclusion…
Hope Kean, Alexander Fung, Paris Jaggers, Jason Chen + 6 more
Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for both inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to…
Kosta Došen, Miloš Adžić
This is an examination, a commentary, of links between some philosophical views ascribed to G¨odel and general proof theory. In these views deduction is of central concern not only in predicate logic, but in set theory too, understood from an infinitistic ideal perspective. It is inquired whether this centrality of…
Muaaz Gul Awan, Fahad Saeed
In this paper we present a feasibility of using a data-reductive strategy for analyzing big MS data. The proposed method utilizes our reduction algorithm MS-REDUCE and peptide deduction is accomplished using Tide with hiXcorr. Using this approach we were able to process 1 million spectra in under 3 hours. Our results…
Karl Whelan
Sports betting is growing rapidly in the US after its legalization by the Supreme Court in 2018. This paper describes the treatment of gambling winnings and losses in the federal tax code and shows how the system may incentivize some gamblers to substantially increase the scale of their betting in order to have a…
Thomas Kollruss
The present study addresses a previously unexamined question of whether the calculation of income tax in the case of foreign tax credits violates constitutional law. Methodologically, this is investigated via quantitative analysis. As part of a quantitative analysis it is shown that the current method of calculating…