23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Pier Luigi Gentili
The goals and targets included in the 2030 Agenda compiled by the United Nations want to stimulate action in areas of critical importance for humanity and the Earth. These goals and targets regard everyone on Earth from both the health and economic and social perspectives. Reaching these goals means to deal with…
Luciano da Fontoura Costa, Guilherme S. Domingues
Complexity remains one of the central challenges in science and technology. Although several approaches at defining and/or quantifying complexity have been proposed, at some point each of them seems to run into intrinsic limitations. Two are the main objectives of the present work: (i) to review some of the main…
David L Abel, Jack T Trevors
Genetic algorithms instruct sophisticated biological organization. Three qualitative kinds of sequence complexity exist: random (RSC), ordered (OSC), and functional (FSC). FSC alone provides algorithmic instruction. Random and Ordered Sequence Complexities lie at opposite ends of the same bi-directional sequence…
Adrian Krzyzanowski, Axel Pahl, Michael Grigalunas, Herbert Waldmann
The fraction of sp3 hybridised carbons (Fsp3) and the fraction of stereogenic carbons (FCstereo) are two widely employed scores of molecular complexity with a strong link to biologically relevant features such as frequency, potency and selectivity of protein binding. However, due to their simplistic nature, they do not…
Alexander F. Siegenfeld, Yaneer Bar-Yam, António Lopes
Ashby’s law of requisite variety allows a comparison of systems with their environments, providing a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for system efficacy: A system must possess at least as much complexity as any set of environmental behaviors that require distinct responses from the system. However, to account…
Jakub Nowosad, Tomasz F. Stepinski
Comparing a large number of landscapes calls for using the smallest possible set of landscape metrics. The overall complexity of land-scape pattern is the single most important metric, but the standard set of landscape metrics lacks the bona fide indicator of complexity. Demonstrate that information theory provides a…
Samuel Planton, Fosca Al Roumi, Liping Wang, Stanislas Dehaene
According to the language of thought hypothesis, regular sequences are compressed in human working memory using recursive loops akin to a mental program that predicts future items. We tested this theory by probing working memory for 16-item sequences made of two sounds. We recorded brain activity with functional MRI…
Iain G Johnston, Kamaludin Dingle, Sam F. Greenbury, Chico Q. Camargo + 3 more
Engineers routinely design systems to be modular and symmetric in order to increase robustness to perturbations and to facilitate alterations at a later date. Biological structures also frequently exhibit modularity and symmetry, but the origin of such trends is much less well understood. It can be tempting to assume –…
Peter Grassberger
We review possible measures of complexity which might in particular be applicable to situations where the complexity seems to arise spontaneously. We point out that not all of them correspond to the intuitive (or "naive") notion, and that one should not expect a unique observable of complexity. One of the main problems…
Silvia Elena Corchs, Gianluigi Ciocca, Emanuela Bricolo, Francesca Gasparini + 1 more
'Francesca Gasparini' 'Feng Shao'] The aim of this work is to predict the complexity perception of real world images. We propose a new complexity measure where different image features, based on spatial, frequency and color properties are linearly combined. In order to find the optimal set of weighting coefficients we…
Alaa Alzahrani, Lawrence Jun Zhang
The proliferation of automated syntactic complexity tools allowed the analysis of larger amounts of learner writing. However, existing tools tend to be language-specific or depend on segmenting learner production into native-based units of analysis. This study examined the utility of a language-general and unsupervised…
Sofie S. Kristensen, Kaan Kesgin, Henrik Jörntell
Complexity is important for flexibility of natural behavior and for the remarkably efficient learning of the brain. Here we assessed the signal complexity among neuron populations in somatosensory cortex (S1). To maximize our chances of capturing population level signal complexity, we used highly repeatable resolvable…
Christopher P. Kempes, Sara Imari Walker, Michael Lachmann, Leroy Cronin
'Leroy Cronin'] Assembly theory (AT) quantifies selection using the assembly equation and identifies complex objects that occur in abundance based on two measurements, assembly index and copy number. The assembly index is determined by the minimal number of recursive joining operations necessary to construct an object…
David L. Abel
To what degree could chaos and complexity have organized a Peptide or RNA World of crude yet necessarily integrated protometabolism? How far could such protolife evolve in the absence of a heritable linear digital symbol system that could mutate, instruct, regulate, optimize and maintain metabolic homeostasis? To…
Frank Emmert-Streib, Enrico Scalas
Background The evaluation of the complexity of an observed object is an old but outstanding problem. In this paper we are tying on this problem introducing a measure called statistic complexity. Methodology/Principal Findings This complexity measure is different to all other measures in the following senses. First, it…
Nicolas Gauvrit, Henrik Singmann, Fernando Soler Toscano, Héctor Zenil
'Héctor Zenil'] Kolmogorov-Chaitin complexity has long been believed to be impossible to approximate when it comes to short sequences (e.g. of length 5-50). However, with the newly developed coding theorem method the complexity of strings of length 2-11 can now be numerically estimated. We present the theoretical basis…
Michael L. Mack, Alison R. Preston, Bradley C. Love
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to support the ability to focus on goal-relevant information by filtering out irrelevant information, a process akin to dimensionality reduction. Here, we test this dimensionality reduction hypothesis by combining a data-driven approach to characterizing the complexity of neural…
А. В. Макаренко
A new approach is proposed to the quantitative estimation of the complexity of multidimensional discrete sequences in terms of the shapes of their trajectories in the extended space of states. This approach is based on the study of the structural properties of sequences and is suitable for estimating the complexity of…
Héctor Zenil, Fernando Soler Toscano, Jean‐Paul Delahaye, Nicolas Gauvrit
'Nicolas Gauvrit'] We propose a measure based upon the fundamental theoretical concept in algorithmic information theory that provides a natural approach to the problem of evaluating n-dimensional complexity by using an n-dimensional deterministic Turing machine. The technique is interesting because it provides a…
Authors not listed
Sequence is the critical determinant of macromolecular function, yet current polymer design approaches often optimize monomer composition and ratios while ignoring sequence. This creates poorly defined design spaces for active learning that miss the vast combinatorial landscape of sequence possibilities. We introduce…
Authors not listed
The design of functional liquids like Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the link between molecular components and the physical properties of the resulting mixture. Traditional metrics like binding energy (ΔE)fail to explain why some strongly bound pairs form low-viscosity…
Ruben Sanchez-Garcia, Dávid Havasi, Gergely Takács, Matthew C. Robinson + 3 more
Compound availability is a critical property for design prioritization across the drug discovery pipeline. Historically, and despite their multiple limitations, compound-oriented synthetic accessibility scores have been used as proxies for this problem. However, the size of the catalogues of commercially available…
Grzegorz Skoraczyński, Mateusz Kitlas, Błażej Miasojedow, Anna Gambin
Modern computer-assisted synthesis planning tools provide strong support for this problem. However, they are still limited by computational complexity. This limitation may be overcome by scoring the synthetic accessibility as a pre-retrosynthesis heuristic. A wide range of machine learning scoring approaches is…