27 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Frederick Zittrell, Kathrin Pabst, Elena Carlomagno, Ronny Rosner + 3 more
'Uta Pegel' 'Dominik M. Endres' 'Uwe Homberg'] Flexible orientation through any environment requires a sense of current relative heading that is updated based on self-motion. Global external cues originating from the sky or the earth‘s magnetic field and local cues provide a reference frame for the sense of direction.…
Mark Mazurek, Marisa Kager, Stephen D. Van Hooser
Neurons in the visual cortex of all examined mammals exhibit orientation or direction tuning. New imaging techniques are allowing the circuit mechanisms underlying orientation and direction selectivity to be studied with clarity that was not possible a decade ago. However, these new techniques bring new challenges…
Juergen Haag, Alexander Arenz, Etienne Serbe, Fabrizio Gabbiani + 2 more
'Alexander Borst' 'Fred Rieke'] How neurons become sensitive to the direction of visual motion represents a classic example of neural computation. Two alternative mechanisms have been discussed in the literature so far: preferred direction enhancement, by which responses are amplified when stimuli move along the…
Logan Chariker, Robert Shapley, Michael Hawken, Lai-Sang Young
This paper offers a new theory for the origin of direction selectivity in the Macaque primary visual cortex, V1. Direction selectivity (DS) is essential for the perception of motion and control of pursuit eye movements. In the Macaque visual pathway, DS neurons first appear in V1, in the Simple cell population of the…
Reńe Larisch, Fred H. Hamker
Simple cells in the visual cortex process spatial as well as temporal information of the visual stream and enable the perception of motion information. Previous work suggests that the direction selectivity of V1 simple cells is associated with a temporal offset in the thalamocortical input stream through lagged and…
Weifeng Dai, Tian Wang, Yang Li, Yi Yang + 9 more
'Tingting Zhou' 'Hongbo Yu' 'Liang Li' 'Yizheng Wang' 'Gang Wang' 'Dajun Xing' 'Frank Tong'] Sensitivity to motion direction is a feature of visual neurons that is essential for motion perception. Recent studies have suggested that direction selectivity is re-established at multiple stages throughout the visual…
Dmitry Tsigankov, Matthias Kaschube
In the mammalian visual cortex, the time-averaged response of many neurons is maximal for stimuli moving in a particular direction. Such a direction selective response is not found in LGN, upstream of the visual processing pathway, suggesting that cortical networks play a strong role in the generation of direction…
Anthony D Lien, Massimo Scanziani
Detecting the direction of an object’s motion is essential for our representation of the visual environment. Visual cortex is one of the main stages in the mammalian nervous system where motion direction may be computed de novo. Experiments and theories indicate that cortical neurons respond selectively to motion…
Arani Roy, Ian K. Christie, Gina M. Escobar, Jason J. Osik + 7 more
'Marjena Popović' 'Neil J. Ritter' 'Andrea K. Stacy' 'Shen Wang' 'Jozsef Fiser' 'Paul Miller' 'Stephen D. Van Hooser'] In principle, the development of sensory receptive fields in cortex could arise from experience-independent mechanisms that have been acquired through evolution, or through an online analysis of the…
Alon Poleg-Polsky
Motion direction detection is a fundamental visual computation that transforms spatial luminance patterns into directionally tuned outputs. Classical models of direction selectivity rely on temporal asymmetry, where motion detection arises through either delayed excitation or inhibition. Here, I used biologically…
Keyan He, Lixuan Liu, Junxiang Luo, Yiliang Lu + 12 more
Objects move through space and time, generating sequential visuotopic activations in all sighted animals leading to motion perception of velocity defined by direction and speed. Humans can effortlessly see motion with speeds ranging from 0.25 to 500°/s. However, direction-selective neurons in the primary visual cortex…
Ya-tang Li, Zeynep Turan, Markus Meister
Motion vision is important in guiding animal behavior. Both the retina and the visual cortex process object motion in largely unbiased fashion: all directions are represented at all locations in the visual field. We investigate motion processing in the superior colliculus of the awake mouse, by optically recording…
Kenta M. Hagihara, Kenichi Ohki
Inhibitory interneurons play important roles in the development of brain functions. In the visual cortex, functional maturation of inhibitory interneurons is essential for ocular dominance plasticity. However, roles of inhibitory interneurons in the development of orientation and direction selectivity, fundamental…
Tony Lindeberg
This paper gives an in-depth theoretical analysis of the direction and speed selectivity properties of idealized models of the spatio-temporal receptive fields of simple cells and complex cells, based on the generalized Gaussian derivative model for visual receptive fields. According to this theory, the receptive…
Wirtensohn, Sami, Flenner, Silja + 26 more
Dark-field X-ray imaging visualizes structural inhomogeneities through smallangle scattering, but existing directional methods are confined to the micrometer scale. While recent advances have extended dark-field capabilities to nanoscale transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM), directional scattering retrieval – critical…
Yuhang Li, Tianyi Gan, Jingxi Li, Mona Jarrahi + 1 more
Unidirectional optical systems enable selective control of light through asymmetric processing of radiation, effectively transmitting light in one direction while blocking unwanted propagation in the opposite direction. Here, we introduce a reciprocal diffractive unidirectional focusing design based on linear and…
Junho Jung, Yuqiong Cheng, Wanyue Xiao, Shubo Wang
Directional optical sources can give rise to the directional excitation and propagation of light. The directionality of the conventional directional dipole (CDD) sources are attributed to the interference of the electric and/or magnetic dipoles, while the effect of the toroidal dipole on optical directionality remains…
Charlotte Coomber, Michael Porter, Abil Aliev, Peter Smith + 1 more
The palladium-catalysed sp 3 C-H arylation of a selection of saturated amine scaffolds was investigated using substituted picolinamide directing groups. On the bornylamine scaffold, highly selective monoarylation takes place using unsubstituted picolinamide or 3-methylpicolinamide, whereas a double C-H arylation occurs…
Lei Wei, Michela F. Picardi, Jack J. Kingsley-Smith, Anatoly V. Zayats + 1 more
'Anatoly V. Zayats' 'Francisco J. Rodríguez‐Fortuño'] Study of photonic spin-orbital interactions, which involves control of the propagation and spatial distributions of light with the polarization of electromagnetic fields, is not only important at the fundamental level but also has significant implications for…
Samuel Métais, Geoffroy Lerosey, Fabrice Lemoult
An ensemble of resonators arranged on a sub-wavelength scale is usually considered as a bulk effective medium, known as a metamaterial, and can offer unusual macroscopic properties. Here, we take a different approach and limit ourselves to the study of only a few number of such elementary components and demonstrate…
Kurmanbek Kaiyrbekov, Brian A. Camley
fields better? Authors: ['Kurmanbek Kaiyrbekov' 'Brian A. Camley'] Collective response to external directional cues like electric fields plays a pivotal role in processes such as tissue development, regeneration, and wound healing. In this study we focus on the impact of anisotropy in cell shape and local cell…
Donna Blackmond
Mechanistic studies of the Soai autocatalytic reaction in the context of biological homochirality.
Authors not listed
When a small electric bias is applied to a single-molecule junction, current will flow through the molecule via a tunneling mechanism. In molecules with a cyclic or helical structure there may be circular currents, giving rise to a uni-directional magnetic field. Here, we implement the Biot Savart law and calculate the…
Hama Nadhom, Robert Boyd, Polla Rouf, Daniel Lundin + 1 more
Area selective deposition (ASD) of films only on desired areas of the substrate opens for less complex fabrication of nanoscaled electronics. We show that a newly developed CVD method, where plasma electrons are used as the reducing agent in deposition of metallic thin films, is inherently area selective from the…
Stephen Goldup, Ivan Aprahamian
All chemists are familiar with the idea that, at equilibrium steady state, the relative concentrations of species present in a system are predicted by the corresponding equilibrium constants, which are in turn related to the relative free energy difference of the system components. There is also no net flux between…
Authors not listed
Developing a controlled, defect-free, and spatially selective deposition of molecular and hybrid thin films on 2D materials remains a key challenge for their integration into multifunctional optoelectronic systems due to their surface inertness. Here, we demonstrate area-selective atomic/molecular layer deposition of…
William Bro-Jørgensen, Gemma C. Solomon
While the use of molecular orbitals (MOs) and their isosurfaces to explain physical phenomena in chemical systems are a time-honored tool, we show that the nodes are an equally important componentfor understanding the current density through single-molecule junctions. We investigate three dif- ferent model systems…