23 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Pamela Faber, Pilar León-Araúz
Though instrumental in numerous disciplines, context has no universally accepted definition. In specialized knowledge resources it is timely and necessary to parameterize context with a view to more effectively facilitating knowledge representation, understanding, and acquisition, the main aims of terminological…
Luming Wang, Petra B. Schumacher
Two visual ERP experiments were conducted to investigate topic and contrast assigned by various cues such as discourse context, sentential position, and marker during referential processing in Japanese. Experiment 1 showed that there was no N400-difference for new vs. given noun phrases (NPs) when the new NP was…
Rintaro Imafuku, Takuya Saiki, Robyn Woodward-Kron
Introduction Viewed broadly, discourse analysis is the study of ways in which naturally occurring language is used between people, both in written and spoken contexts. In a learning context, discourse analysis of written and spoken texts is useful for making visible how educators, learners, and others engage in an…
Takahisa Uchida, Nicolas Lair, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Peter Ford Dominey
During discourse comprehension, information from prior processing is integrated and appears to be immediately accessible. This was remarkably demonstrated by an N400 for “salted” and not “in love” in response to “The peanut was salted/in love.” Discourse overrule was induced by prior discourse featuring the peanut as…
Gabriella Airenti, Alessio Plebe
Context is a controversial concept. Research in philosophy of language, linguistics and cognitive science has shown that the communicative content of an utterance is not limited to the conventional content of what is said. The notion of context has been introduced in semantics and has assumed a central role in language…
W.J. Doedens, L. Meteyard
Aphasia is an impairment of language caused by acquired brain damage such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, that affects a person’s ability to communicate effectively. The aim of rehabilitation in aphasia is to improve everyday communication, improving an individual’s ability to function in their day-to-day life.…
Jing Li, Yan Song, Zhongyu Wei, Kam‐Fai Wong
Conventional topic models are ineffective for topic extraction from microblog messages, because the data sparseness exhibited in short messages lacking structure and contexts results in poor message-level word co-occurrence patterns. To address this issue, we organize microblog messages as conversation trees based on…
Salvatore Attardo
It has been widely assumed that the full meaning of a linguistic expression can be grasped only within a situation, the context of the utterance. There is even agreement that certain factors within the situation are particularly significant, including gestures and facial expressions of the participants, their social…
Stepan Zakharov, Omri Hadar, Tovit Hakak, Dina Grossman + 2 more
'Yifat Ben‐David Kolikant' 'Oren Tsur'] Online discourse is often perceived as polarized and unproductive. While some conversational discourse parsing frameworks are available, they do not naturally lend themselves to the analysis of contentious and polarizing discussions. Inspired by the Bakhtinian theory of…
Victoria Sharpe, Michael Mackinley, Samer Nour Eddine, Lin Wang + 2 more
Early psychopathologists proposed that certain features of positive thought disorder, the disorganized language output produced by some people with schizophrenia, suggest an insensitivity to global, relative to local, discourse context. This idea has received support from carefully controlled psycholinguistic studies…
Yingxue Fu
Discourse information is difficult to represent and annotate. Among the major frameworks for annotating discourse information, RST, PDTB and SDRT are widely discussed and used, each having its own theoretical foundation and focus. Corpora annotated under different frameworks vary considerably. To make better use of the…
S. Magalí López Cortez, Cassandra L. Jacobs
Annotation of discourse relations is a known difficult task, especially for non-expert annotators. In this paper, we investigate novice annotators' uncertainty on the annotation of discourse relations on spoken conversational data. We find that dialogue context (single turn, pair of turns within speaker, and pair of…
Maxime Tulling, Ryan Law, Ailís Cournane, Liina Pylkkänen
A hallmark of human thought is the ability to think about not just the actual world, but also about alternative ways the world could be. One way to study this contrast is through language. Language has grammatical devices for expressing possibilities and necessities, such as the words might or must. With these devices…
S. Magalí López Cortez, Cassandra L. Jacobs
Time pressure and topic negotiation may impose constraints on how people leverage discourse relations (DRs) in spontaneous conversational contexts. In this work, we adapt a system of DRs for written language to spontaneous dialogue using crowdsourced annotations from novice annotators. We then test whether discourse…
Xinjian Cen, Maci Kight, Rachel Lee, Petra Kranzfelder + 3 more
Instructors can provide feedback to their class in multiple ways. One way is through their follow-up behaviors, which are the specific strategies instructors implement after active learning activities. These behaviors could play an important role in student learning as students can receive feedback from the instructor.…
Anna K. Kuhlen, Rasha Abdel Rahman
Numerous studies demonstrate that the production of words is delayed when speakers process in temporal proximity semantically related words. Yet the experimental settings underlying this effect are different from those under which we typically speak. This study demonstrates that semantic interference disappears, and…
Jobst Landgrebe, Barry Smith
The goal of creating Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – or in other words of creating Turing machines (modern computers) that can behave in a way that mimics human intelligence – has occupied AI researchers ever since the idea of AI was first proposed. One common theme in these discussions is the thesis that the…
Gina R. Kuperberg, Trevor Brothers, Edward W. Wlotko
It has been proposed that hierarchical prediction is a fundamental computational principle underlying neurocognitive processing. Here we ask whether the brain engages distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in response to inputs that fulfill versus violate strong predictions at different levels of representation during…
Sean Trott, Tiago Timponi Torrent, Nancy Chang, Nathan Schneider
Human speakers have an extensive toolkit of ways to express themselves. In this paper, we engage with an idea largely absent from discussions of meaning in natural language understanding—namely, that the way something is expressed reflects different ways of conceptualizing or construing the information being conveyed.…
Authors not listed
Protein-ligand interaction prediction with proteochemometric (PCM) models can provide valuable insights during early drug discovery and chemical safety assessment. These models have benefitted from the large amount of data available in bioactivity databases. However, an issue that is often overlooked when using this…
Authors not listed
In the real world, many reversal phenomena occur—for example, cases in which a statement once regarded as false is later recognized as true. Upside-Down Logic is a framework designed to formalize such reversal phenomena as a logical system. It inverts the truth and falsity of propositions through contextual…
Samuel Genheden, Agnes Mårdh, Gustav Lahti, Ola Engkvist + 2 more
We present machine learning models for predicting the chemical context for Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions. Using reaction data from in-house electronic lab notebooks, we train two models: one based on single-label data and one based on multi-label data. Both models show excellent top-3 accuracy around 90%, which…
Rachana Niranjan Murthy, Sai Teja Potu, Akhil Thomas, Lokesh Mishra + 2 more
Retrieving structured materials information from unstructured textual data is essential for data mining and automatically developing comprehensive ontologies. Information extraction is a complex task composed of multiple subtasks and thus often relies on systems of task-specialized language models. A foundation…