27 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Ben C. Shirley, Joan H.M. Knoll, Jayne Moquet, Elizabeth Ainsbury + 4 more
Inhomogeneous exposures to ionizing radiation can be detected and quantified with the Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA) of metaphase cells. Complete automation of interpretation of the DCA for whole body irradiation has significantly improved throughput without compromising accuracy, however low levels of residual false…
Martin Andersson, Lennart Johansson, David Minarik, Sigrid Leide-Svegborn + 1 more
'Sigrid Leide-Svegborn' 'Sören Mattsson'] Background Effective dose represents the potential risk to a population of stochastic effects of ionizing radiation (mainly lethal cancer). In recent years, there have been a number of revisions and updates influencing the way to estimate the effective dose. The aim of this…
Deukwoo Kwon, F.O. Hoffman, Brian Moroz, Steven L. Simon
Most conventional risk analysis methods rely on a single best estimate of exposure per person which does not allow for adjustment for exposure-related uncertainty. Here, we propose a Bayesian model averaging method to properly quantify the relationship between radiation dose and disease outcomes by accounting for…
Shouhao Zhou, Xinyi Liu, Xinying Fang, Vernon M. Chinchilli + 5 more
The median-effect equation has been widely used to describe the dose-response relationship and identify compounds that activate or inhibit specific disease targets in contemporary drug discovery. However, the experimental data often contain extreme responses, which may significantly impair the estimation accuracy and…
Kenta Sakaguchi, Makoto Hosono, Tomomi Imamura, Naomi Takahara + 5 more
'Misa Hayashi' 'Yuko Yakushiji' 'Kazunari Ishii' 'Tatsuro Uto' 'Takamichi Murakami'] Background Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is now a routine procedure for the management of cancer patients. Intravenous administration of FDG is sometimes halted due to troubles. In such cases…
Maria Jose Medrano, Sen Wang, Liyan Sun, Abdullah-Al-Zubaer Imran + 4 more
Approach: We analyzed contrast-enhanced CT examinations of the chest-abdomen-pelvis among 130 adult patients with 120 kVp and TCM. Reference organ doses for six organs (lungs, kidneys, liver, pancreas, bladder, spleen) were retrospectively calculated using open-source tools MC-GPU and TotalSegmentator. Based on these…
Saswati Saha, Werner Brannath
In a Phase II dose-finding study with a placebo control, a new drug with several dose levels is compared with a placebo to test for the effectiveness of the new drug. The main focus of such studies often lies in the characterization of the dose-response relationship followed by the estimation of a target dose that…
Caroline Stokke, Silvano Gnesin, Johannes Tran-Gia, Francesco Cicone + 8 more
The numbers of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine agents under investigation are rapidly increasing. Both novel emitters and novel carrier molecules require careful selection of measurement procedures. This document provides guidance relevant to dosimetry for first-in human and early phase clinical trials of…
Abdullah-Al-Zubaer Imran, Sen Wang, Debashish Pal, Sandeep Dutta + 3 more
'Bhavik N. Patel' 'Evan J. Zucker' 'Adam Wang'] Purpose: Estimation of patient-specific organ doses is required for more comprehensive dose metrics, such as effective dose. Currently, available methods are performed retrospectively using the CT images themselves, which can only be done after the scan. To optimize CT…
PK Rogan, R Lu, E Mucaki, S Ali + 12 more
The dicentric chromosome (DC) assay accurately quantifies exposure to radiation, however manual and semi-automated assignment of DCs has limited its use for a potential large-scale radiation incident. The Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier and Dose Estimator Chromosome (ADCI) software automates unattended DC…
Tsung-Yu Yen, Kai-Cheng Chuang, Hsiao-Mei Fu, Chen-Ju Feng + 3 more
'Ke-Yu Lien' 'Shih-Ming Hsu' 'Nadine Norton'] To develop a method of estimating surface dose in whole breast irradiation, we used an anthropomorphic phantom with accessories for the simulation of different breast sizes. The surface points, which are measured by TLDs, are set along with two main directions…
Michael Ljungberg, Katarina Sjögreen Gleisner, Andreas Kjaer
Radionuclide therapy aims to treat malignant diseases by systemic administration of radiopharmaceuticals, often using carrier molecules such as peptides and antibodies. The radionuclides used emit electrons or alpha particles as a consequence of radioactive decay, thus leading to local energy deposition. Administration…
Chris Rackauckas, Vaibhav Dixit, Adam R. Gerlach, Vijay Ivaturi
Personalized precision dosing is about mathematically determining effective dosing strategies that optimize the probability of containing a patient’s outcome within a therapeutic window. However, the common Monte Carlo approach for generating patient statistics is computationally expensive because thousands of…
Michael Ljungberg, Katarina Sjögreen Gleisner, Benjamin Franc
For treatment of systemic malignancies, when external radiation therapy is not applicable, radionuclide therapy can be an alternative. In this form of therapy, radionuclides are administered to the patient, often in a form where the radionuclide is labelled to a molecule that plays the active part in the localization…
Steven Piantadosi, Guohai Zhou
We present a flexible and general adaptive experimental design for dose finding clinical trials. This method can be applied in sterotypical settings such as determining a maximum tolerated dose, when the dose response relationship is complex, or when the response is an arbitrary quantitative measure. Our design…
Rentaro Wakayama, Tomotaka Momozaki, Shuji Ando
Dose-Response Model Authors: ['Rentaro Wakayama' 'Tomotaka Momozaki' 'Shuji Ando'] Model-assisted designs have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their high accuracy in identifying the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and their operational simplicity. To identify the MTD, they employ estimated dose…
Rachele Danieli, Alessia Milano, Salvatore Gallo, Ivan Veronese + 10 more
'Alessandro Lascialfari' 'Luca Indovina' 'Francesca Botta' 'Mahila Ferrari' 'Alessandro Cicchetti' 'Davide Raspanti' 'Marta Cremonesi' 'Francesco Paolo Cammarata' 'Luigi Minafra' 'Marco Calvaruso'] Targeted radiation therapy (TRT) is a strategy increasingly adopted for the treatment of different types of cancer. The…
Yair Y. Shaki, Yehoshua Socol
The relevance of ionizing radiation effects is high in the field of radiation oncology. Namely, radiation toxicity is a crucial limiting factor in dose administration. To address this concern, by adopting an empirical approach it is possible to uncover certain truths that might not be attainable through rigorous…
Benjamin F Trueman, Wendy H Krkošek, Graham A Gagnon
Orthophosphate can limit lead contamination of tap water, but its benefits are difficult to quantify since lead concentrations are so site-specific. Sentinel homes serviced by lead pipe are ideal for monitoring orthophosphate treatment, but best practices dictate the removal of lead once identified. The best sentinel…
Mahmoud Allahverdi, Ghazale Geraily, Mahbod Esfehani, Aliakbar Sharafi + 2 more
'Aliakbar Sharafi' 'Peyman Haddad' 'Alireza Shirazi'] Total Body Irradiation (TBI) is a form of radiotherapy used for patients prior to bone marrow or stem cell transplant to destroy any undetectable cancer cells. The dosimetry characteristics of a 60Co unit for TBI were studied and a simple method for the calculation…
Authors not listed
Therapeutic drug monitoring enables personalized cancer medicine by dosing patients with chemotherapy based on the patient’s own unique rate of drug clearance and metabolic degradation. These rates significantly influence the plasma concentration which influences patient outcomes. This is especially true for the…
Anjali Kurup, Ankit Patras, Rishipal Bansode, Brahmaiah Pendyala + 2 more
Aflatoxin (AF), a mycotoxin produced by several genera of fungi, is an important concern in milk-based products due to its toxicity and health consequences. The present study evaluates whether UV-A irradiation can preserve the composition of whole milk (WM) while degradaing these toxins. In addition, this study also…
Lidia Dobrescu
The paper presents many facets of medical imaging investigations radiological risks. The total volume of prescribed medical investigations proves a serious lack in monitoring and tracking of the cumulative radiation doses in many health services. Modern radiological investigations equipment is continuously reducing the…
Thomas Jamnik, Mira Flasch, Dominik Braun, Yasmin Fareed + 6 more
Exposure to man-made and natural chemicals is a major, yet not sufficiently considered, environmental risk factor in the etiology of chronic diseases. Current human biomonitoring approaches typically measure a limited number of exposures rather than investigating complex mixtures. The latter would be fundamental and…
Mira Flasch, Gunda Koellensperger, Benedikt Warth
The chemical exposome consists of environmental exposures experienced throughout a lifetime but to date analytical approaches to investigate the plethora of low-abundance chemicals remain very limited. Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is commonly applied in untargeted exposome-wide…
Natalie Sims, Elizabeth Holton, Kishore Jagadeersan, Richard Standerwick + 2 more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most significant global health threats. Inappropriate and over-usage of antimicrobial agents (AAs) is a major driver for AMR. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a promising tool for monitoring AA usage in communities. Two urban catchment areas have been investigated in…
Vinicius Verri Hernandes, Benedikt Warth
Traditionally, chemical exposure has been assessed by low-resolution mass spectrometry via targeted approaches due to the typically extremely low concentration of such compounds in biological samples. Nevertheless, untargeted approaches are now becoming a promising tool for a broader investigation of the exposome…