25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Manon K. Schweinfurth, Joachim G. Frommen
Title: Summary Science is based on ideas that might be true or false in describing reality. In order to discern between these two, scientists conduct studies that can reveal evidence for an idea, i.e., positive findings, or not, i.e., negative or null findings. The outcome of these studies can either be true, i.e.…
Jongyoon Song, Sangwon Yu, Sungroh Yoon
Input-conflicting Hallucination Authors: ['Jongyoon Song' 'Sangwon Yu' 'Sungroh Yoon'] In this paper, we identify a new category of bias that induces input-conflicting hallucinations, where large language models (LLMs) generate responses inconsistent with the content of the input context. This issue we have termed the…
Adam P. Rosebrock
Detecting RNA viruses such as SARS-nCoV2 requires careful handling of inherently labile RNA. Molecular tests incorporate controls to verify the presence of intact RNA and ensure that all steps of an assay have succeeded. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-specified extraction control recognizes both…
Authors not listed
Fragment hits serve as starting points for lead-like compound development. A common approach to advancing from fragments is to build structure-activity relationships (SARs) from close analogues. One strategy involves performing automated chemistry around fragment hits and evaluating resulting crude reaction mixtures…
Sanskriti Singh
—The minimization of specific cases in binary classification, such as false negatives or false positives, grows increasingly important as humans begin to implement more machine learning into current products. While there are a few methods to put a bias towards the reduction of specific cases, these methods aren't very…
Wenxia Shao
SARS-CoV-2 is a serious infectious respiratory virus that can cause lung, heart, kidney, and liver damage and even cause death. Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is vital for epidemic prevention and control. At present, the gold standard of COVID-19 diagnosis is nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, the…
Wei Li, Fanwei Zeng, Baitong Fan, Nan Yu + 5 more
To evaluate the impact of ultrasonography (US) on identifying noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) false-negative aneuploidy. Analysis of large population-based NIPS false-negative aneuploidy data comprising karyotypes, clinical outcomes, and US results. From December 2010 to July 2018, a total of 3,320,457…
Mark I. Evans, Ming Chen, David W. Britt, Ritsuko Kimata Pooh
A false negative can happen in many kinds of medical tests, regardless of whether they are screening or diagnostic in nature. However, it inevitably poses serious concerns especially in a prenatal setting because its sequelae can mark the birth of an affected child beyond expectation. False negatives are not a new…
Xin Ge, Zhibo Yao, Yao Du
Clinical machine learning faces a critical dilemma in high-stakes medical applications: algorithms achieving optimal diagnostic performance typically sacrifice the interpretability essential for physician decision-making, while interpretable methods compromise sensitivity in complex scenarios. This paradox becomes…
Bruce H. Robinson, Michael H. Gelb
For newborn screening (NBS) of lysosomal storage diseases, programs measure enzymatic activities in dried blood spots (DBS) and, in most cases, act on samples where the measurement is below a specific cutoff value. The rate of false positives and negatives in any NBS program is of critical importance. The measured…
Magnus Unemo, Marit Hansen, Ronza Hadad, Ylva Lindroth + 3 more
'Hans Fredlund' 'Mirja Puolakkainen' 'Martin Sundqvist'] We identified the first two cases of the Finnish new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis (F-nvCT) beyond Finland in two clinical urogenital specimens in Örebro County, Sweden. These Aptima Combo 2 assay-negative specimens were Aptima Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) assay…
William McCorkindale, Mihajlo Filep, Nir London, Alpha A. Lee + 1 more
High throughput and rapid biological evaluation of small molecules is an essential factor in drug discovery and development. Direct-to-Biology (D2B), whereby compound purification is foregone, has emerged as a viable technique in time efficient screening, specifically for PROTAC design and biological evaluation.…
Mingze Bai, Jingwen Deng, Chengxin Dai, Julianus Pfeuffer + 1 more
Testing for significant differences in quantities on protein level is a common goal of many LFQ-based mass spectrometry proteomics experiments. Starting from a table of protein and/or peptide quantities from a fixed proteomics quantification software, there exists a multitude of tools and R packages to perform the…
Authors not listed
In the article ‘[Chlamydia trachomatis samples testing falsely negative in the Aptima Combo 2 test in Finland, 2019]()’ by K Rantakokko-Jalava et al., published on 30 May 2019 a GenBank accession number was added on 04 June 2019 at the request of the authors.
Tommi Keski-Filppula, Marko Nikki, Marianne Haapea, Naglis Ramanauskas + 1 more
'Naglis Ramanauskas' 'Osmo Tervonen'] In this retrospective study, a commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software was used to analyse 10 000 chest X-rays of Finnish primary health care patients. In studies with a mismatch between an AI normal report and the original radiologist report, a consensus read…
Stefano Pedemonte, Trevor Tsue, Brent Mombourquette, Yen Nhi Truong Vu + 9 more
'Yen Nhi Truong Vu' 'Thomas P. Matthews' 'Rodrigo Morales Hoil' 'Meet Shah' 'Nikita Ghare' 'Naomi Zingman-Daniels' 'Susan Holley' 'Catherine M. Appleton' 'Jason Su' 'Richard L. Wahl'] Screening mammography improves breast cancer outcomes by enabling early detection and treatment. However, false positive callbacks for…
Davide Boldini, Lukas Friedrich, Daniel Kuhn, Stephan Sieber
Efficient prioritization of bioactive compounds from high throughput screening campaigns is a fundamental challenge for accelerating drug development efforts. In this study, we present the first data-driven approach to simultaneously detect assay interferents and prioritize true bioactive compounds. By analyzing the…
Sanghyuk Ko
Different types of diagnostics methods were introduced to the public due to the recent global pandemic. From the real-time reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to antigen lateral flow assay (LFA), these tests allow relatively accurate and rapid diagnosis of the infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Because…
Steven R. Shuken, Margaret W. McNerney
The multiple hypothesis testing problem is inherent in high-throughput quantitative genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and other “omic” screens. The correction of p-values for multiple testing is a critical element of quantitative omic data analysis, yet many researchers are unfamiliar with the sensitivity costs and…
Joshua Hesse, Davide Boldini, Stephan Sieber
In the rapidly evolving field of drug discovery, High Throughput Screening (HTS) is a pivotal technique for identifying promising compounds. Despite its wide usage, the primary challenge remains in efficiently sifting through vast chemical libraries to discern true bioactive compounds from false positives. This study…
Ronald Meester, J Bonte
The test-negative design was developed as a method to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness, but has more recently also been used in the context of COVID-19 vaccines [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. In this contribution, we discuss the vaccine effectivity as defined through a test-negative design study. Clearly, in…
David Colquhoun
We wish to answer this question If you observe a “significant” P value after doing a single unbiased experiment, what is the probability that your result is a false positive?. The weak evidence provided by P values between 0.01 and 0.05 is explored by exact calculations of false positive rates. When you observe P =…
Zhengru Fang, Yanan Ma, Yu Guo, Senkang Hu + 4 more
When a chest X-ray shows consolidation but the question asks which finding is present, a medical vision-language model may answer "No consolidation." This is more than an incorrect choice: it is a polarity reversal that emits a clinical statement contradicting the image. We study this failure as negated-option…
Rob J. Dekker, Wim A. Ensink, Selina van Leeuwen, Han Rauwerda + 1 more
To battle the COVID-19 pandemic, widespread testing for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is worldwide being employed by specific real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) of viral RNA. The CDC has issued a recommended panel of PCR-based test sets that entail several primer/probe sets that target the SARS-CoV-2 N-gene, but also…
Shunichi Kosugi, Satoshi Natsume, Kentaro Yoshida, Daniel MacLean + 3 more
'Liliana Cano' 'Sophien Kamoun' 'Ryohei Terauchi'] There is an error in the title for the last/fifth column of Table 2. "True positive rate" is incorrectly listed as the title for the last/fifth column. The correct title for this column is "False positive rate."