17 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Sabina Srokova, Nehal S. Shahanawaz, Michael D. Rugg
Age-related neural dedifferentiation, characterized by lower selectivity of neural responses in the high-level sensory cortex, is thought to be a major contributor to age-related cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms that underlie dedifferentiation are poorly understood. Building on prior evidence that exploratory…
Radha Nila Meghanathan, Andrey R. Nikolaev, Cees van Leeuwen
We investigated visual working memory encoding across saccadic eye movements, focusing our analysis on refixation behavior. Over 10-s periods, participants performed a visual search for three, four, or five targets and remembered their orientations for a subsequent change-detection task. In 50% of the trials, one of…
Raji Annadi, Yupei Chen, Viresh Ranjan, Dimitris Samaras + 2 more
'Gregory J. Zelinsky' 'Minh Hoai'] In this paper, we describe our study on how humans allocate their attention during visual crowd counting. Using an eye tracker, we collect gaze behavior of human participants who are tasked with counting the number of people in crowd images. Analyzing the collected gaze behavior of…
Andrey R. Nikolaev, Benedikt V. Ehinger, Radha Nila Meghanathan, Cees van Leeuwen
Eye tracking studies suggest that refixations, fixations to locations previously visited, serve to recover information lost or missed during earlier exploration of a visual scene. These studies have largely ignored the role of precursor fixations, previous fixations on locations the eyes return to later. We consider…
Daniel Backhaus, Ralf Engbert, Lars O. M. Rothkegel, Hans A. Trukenbrod
'Hans A. Trukenbrod'] Real-world scene perception is typically studied in the laboratory using static picture viewing with restrained head position. Consequently, the transfer of results obtained in this paradigm to real-word scenarios has been questioned. The advancement of mobile eye-trackers and the progress in…
Charlie S. Burlingham, Naveen Sendhilnathan, Oleg Komogortsev, T. Scott Murdison + 1 more
People coordinate their eye, head, and body movements to gather information from a dynamic environment while maximizing reward and minimizing biomechanical and energetic costs. Such natural behavior is not possible in a laboratory setting where the head and body are usually restrained and the tasks and stimuli used…
Simon Barthelmé, Hans A. Trukenbrod, Ralf Engbert, Felix A. Wichmann
Whenever eye movements are measured, a central part of the analysis has to do with where subjects fixate, and why they fixated where they fixated. To a first approximation, a set of fixations can be viewed as a set of points in space: this implies that fixations are spatial data and that the analysis of fixation…
Shivsevak Negi, Ritayan Mitra
Learning is a complex phenomenon and education researchers are increasingly focussing on processes that go into it. Eye tracking has become an important tool in such research. In this paper, we focus on one of the most commonly used metrics in eye tracking, namely, fixation duration. Fixation duration has been used to…
Lisa Schwetlick, Daniel Backhaus, Ralf Engbert
Our study is preregistered (https://osf.io/dsyt2/); all research data including computer code for simulation and analyses reported in this article is available online via the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/dsyt2/). The manuscript was uploaded as a preprint to ArXiv (https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11067).…
Radha Nila Meghanathan, Cees van Leeuwen, Marcello Giannini, Andrey R. Nikolaev
Information uptake during scene viewing under free viewing conditions is crucially determined by the scanning plan. This plan is determined both by top-down and bottom-up factors. To capture top-down factors affecting saccade planning, we compared EEG between first fixations and refixations on items varying in…
Thales A. C. de Guimaraes, Angelos Kalitzeos, James Bainbridge, Michel Michaelides
'Michel Michaelides'] Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe a method to determine the position of the preferred retinal locus (PRL). Methods Cross-sectional data were obtained prospectively. Microperimetry was completed with the Macular Integrity Assessment (MAIA) under mesopic testing conditions. Spectral…
Diederick C. Niehorster, Szymon Tamborski, Marcus Nyström, Robert Konklewski + 5 more
In many tasks, participants are instructed to fixate a target. While maintaining fixation, the eyes nonetheless make small fixational eye movements, such as microsaccades and drift. Previous work has examined the effect of fixation point design on fixation stability and the amount and spatial extent of fixational eye…
Skylar Gerace, Jun Yu, J. Keith Moore, Adam Martiny
Climate warming is increasing ocean stratification, which in turn should decrease the flux of nutrients to the upper ocean. This may slow marine primary productivity, causing cascading effects throughout food webs. However, observing changes in nutrient concentrations at the ocean surface is challenging because they…
Authors not listed
Nitrogen fixation plays a critical role in enhancing carbon sequestration, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems where plant productivity and microbial processes are tightly linked to nitrogen availability. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), carried out by free-living and symbiotic microorganisms such as Rhizobium…
Jenny L. Reiniger, Niklas Domdei, Frank G. Holz, Wolf M. Harmening
The small physical depression of the human retina, termed fovea, is the functional center of human vision, providing an acute sense of visual space and color, but it is yet unclear if the exact arrangement of the few thousand photoreceptors at the foveal center is relevant for visual behavior. By employing adaptive…
Authors not listed
An iron(0) dinitrogen complex incorporating highly sterically encumbered bisphosphine ligands, Fe(N2)(dibpe)2 (dibpe = iBu2PCH2CH2PiBu2), iBu1·N2, has been prepared and thoroughly characterized, and its N2 fixation reactivity assessed. iBu1·N2 is a more hindered analogue of Fe(N2)(depe)2 (depe = Et2PCH2CH2PEt2)…
Trond Reitan, Anders Nielsen, Andrea Cocucci
Studies in ecology are often describing observed variations in a certain ecological phenomenon by use of environmental explanatory variables. A common problem is that the numerical nature of the ecological phenomenon does not always fit the assumptions underlying traditional statistical tests. A text book example comes…