25 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Brian D. Wood
Scientists and engineers are, by definition, problem solvers. But, it is curious to reflect on how they become problem solvers. While it is possible that early in one's academic career, a course whose title included the words "problem solving" might have been taken, but this is not likely to have been where students…
Tobias Rolfes, Jürgen Roth, Wolfgang Schnotz
In this paper we present a laboratory experiment in which 157 secondary-school students learned the concept of function with either static representations or dynamic visualizations. We used two different versions of dynamic visualization in order to evaluate whether interactivity had an impact on learning outcome. In…
Keith D Farnsworth, Larissa Albantakis, Tancredi Caruso
The concept of function arises at all levels of biological study and is often loosely and variously defined, especially within ecology. This has led to ambiguity, obscuring the common structure that unites levels of biological organisation, from molecules to ecosystems. Here we build on already successful ideas from…
Radoslav Dimitrić
continuous at 0? If we open any elementary calculus textbook in use, the answer will almost invariably be "no" to both questions. Moreover with some textbooks, these are the only "discontinuities" various functions seem to have. The daily calculus teaching practice follows the same party line. We will give correct…
Sabah Al‐Fedaghi
—Requirements engineering plays a critical role in developing software systems. One of the most difficult tasks in this process is identifying functional requirements. A critical problem in many projects is missing requirements until late in the development cycle. In this paper, our core interest is function modeling…
Ichiroh Kanaya, Mayuko Kanazawa, Masataka Imura
This article presents the mathematical background of general interactive systems. The first principle of designing a large system is to "divide and conquer", which implies that we could possibly reduce human error if we divided a large system in smaller subsystems. Interactive systems are, however, often composed of…
Berk Ekmekci, Charles E. McAnany, Cameron Mura, Francis Ouellette
Computing has revolutionized the biological sciences over the past several decades, such that virtually all contemporary research in molecular biology, biochemistry, and other biosciences utilizes computer programs. The computational advances have come on many fronts, spurred by fundamental developments in hardware…
Authors not listed
Curried functions provide a systematic way of transforming multi-argument functions into nested singleargument functions. This transformation allows partial application and supports many central principles of functional programming. Their extension, called curried 𝑘-ary functions, naturally generalizes the familiar…
Alfredo Ibias, Hector Antona, Guillem Ramirez-Miranda, Enric Guinovart + 1 more
'Enric Guinovart' 'Eduard Alarcón'] Abstract—Cognitive Architectures are the forefront of the research into developing an artificial cognition. However, they approach the problem from a separated memory and program model of computation. This model of computation poses a fundamental problem: the knowledge retrieval…
Rik van der Linden, Maartje Schermer
Despite the longstanding debate on definitions of health and disease concepts, and the multitude of accounts that have been developed, no consensus has been reached. This is problematic, as the way we define health and disease has far-reaching practical consequences. In recent contributions it is proposed to view…
Steven Phillips, William H. Wilson
Why does the capacity to think certain thoughts imply the capacity to think certain other, structurally related, thoughts? Despite decades of intensive debate, cognitive scientists have yet to reach a consensus on an explanation for this property of cognitive architecture-the basic processes and modes of composition…
Stanisław Ambroszkiewicz
"The von Neumann vicious circle" means that non-von Neumann computer architectures cannot be developed because of the lack of widely available and effective non-von Neumann languages. New languages cannot be created because of lack of conceptual foundations for non-von Neumann architectures. The reason is that…
Eric Schulz, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, David Duvenaud, Maarten Speekenbrink + 1 more
How do people recognize and learn about complex functional structure? Taking inspiration from other areas of cognitive science, we propose that this is achieved by harnessing compositionality: complex structure is decomposed into simpler building blocks. We formalize this idea within the framework of Bayesian…
Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Danyal Farsani, Zahra Eskandari, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
'Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos'] This article discusses perspective and frame of reference in the metaphorical description of mathematical concepts in terms of motions, gestures, and embodied actions. When a mathematical concept is described metaphorically in terms of gestures, embodied actions, or fictive motions, the…
Sandra Hervías-Parejo, Mar Cuevas-Blanco, Lucas Lacasa, Anna Traveset + 6 more
Understanding how biotic interactions affect ecosystem functioning has been a research priority in natural sciences due to their critical role in bolstering ecological resilience^1–3^. Yet, traditional assessment of ecological complexity typically focus on species-species effective interactions that mediate a…
Devin Setiawan, Sumaiya Shomaji, Joaquín Goñi, Arian Ashourvan
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in predicting brain functional connectivity (FC) from structural connectivity (SC), yet their “black-box” nature limits interpretability and scientific utility. We present a concept-driven disentanglement framework that builds inherently interpretable…
Judith Schmidt, Lilli Wollermann, Stephan Abele, Romy Müller + 1 more
Solving problems in a technical system usually requires people to understand its functioning on different levels of abstraction (i.e., goals, functions, components, characteristics) that are connected via means-ends links. We combined this abstraction hierarchy with concept mapping to assess people’s understanding of…
Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Fabian Roger, Robert Bagchi
In ecology, multifunctionality measures the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem functions. If species diversity describes the variety of species that together build the ecosystem, multifunctionality attempts to describe the variety of functions these species perform. A range of methods have been proposed to…
Michael Hutcheon, Andrew Teale
Algorithms are presented for performing a topological analysis of an arbitrary function, evaluated on an arbitrary grid of points. These algorithms work strictly by post-processing the data and require no additional function evaluations. This is achieved by connecting the grid points with a neighbourhood graph…
Jonathan Fine, Anand Rasjashekar, Krupal P. Jethava, Gaurav Chopra
State-of-the-art identification of the functional groups present in an unknown chemical entity requires expertise of a skilled spectroscopist to analyse and interpret Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Mass Spectroscopy (MS) and/or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data. This process can be time-consuming and…
Konstantina Chrysafiadi, Maria Virvou
In this paper a knowledge representation approach of an adaptive and/or personalized tutoring system is presented. The domain knowledge should be represented in a more realistic way in order to allow the adaptive and/or personalized tutoring system to deliver the learning material to each individual learner dynamically…
Jonathan Fine, Anand Rasjashekar, Gaurav Chopra
We present a deep learning method for identifying all the functional groups of unknown compounds using a combination of FTIR and MS spectra without the use of any database, pre-established rules, procedures, or peak-matching methods. We derive patterns and correlations directly from spectral data representing multiple…
Ben Sorscher, Surya Ganguli, Haim Sompolinsky
Understanding the neural basis of our remarkable cognitive capacity to accurately learn novel high-dimensional naturalistic concepts from just one or a few sensory experiences constitutes a fundamental problem. We propose a simple, biologically plausible, mathematically tractable, and computationally powerful neural…
Authors not listed
Hyperstructures and their hierarchical extensions [1]—SuperHyperStructures—provide a versatile formalism for modeling multi-layered and complex phenomena [2, 3]. A MicroStructure is a measurable mapping that assigns to each material point a single local state, representing attributes such as phase, crystal orientation…
Authors not listed
Immuno-oncology, a rapidly evolving field at the forefront of cancer research, leverages the body’s immune system to fight cancer. In this follow up report, we extend our natural language processing (NLP)-based analysis to pinpoint the context of emergence of the previously identified emerging concepts. To achieve this…