19 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Brian D. Wood
Scientists and engineers are, by definition, problem solvers. But, it is curious to reflect on how they become problem solvers. While it is possible that early in one's academic career, a course whose title included the words "problem solving" might have been taken, but this is not likely to have been where students…
Rik van der Linden, Maartje Schermer
Despite the longstanding debate on definitions of health and disease concepts, and the multitude of accounts that have been developed, no consensus has been reached. This is problematic, as the way we define health and disease has far-reaching practical consequences. In recent contributions it is proposed to view…
Claudia-Lorena García, Mariana Salcedo-Gómez, Alejandro Vázquez-del-Mercado
'Alejandro Vázquez-del-Mercado'] In this paper, we articulate a functional approach to cognitive capacities. It is a restricted functionalism for various reasons, but especially because it does not claim that all cognitive (and/or mental) entities and processes are functional in the sense of a systemic capacities…
Authors not listed
Curried functions provide a systematic way of transforming multi-argument functions into nested singleargument functions. This transformation allows partial application and supports many central principles of functional programming. Their extension, called curried 𝑘-ary functions, naturally generalizes the familiar…
Andrew Bai, Chih‐Kuan Yeh, Pradeep Ravikumar, Neil Y. C. Lin + 1 more
'Cho‐Jui Hsieh'] Concept-based interpretations of black-box models are often more intuitive for humans to understand. The most widely adopted approach for concept-based interpretation is Concept Activation Vector (CAV). CAV relies on learning a linear relation between some latent representation of a given model and…
Hiori Kino, Dam Hieu, Takashi Miyake, Riichiro Mizoguchi
As interdisciplinary science is flourishing because of materials informatics and additional factors; a systematic way is required for expressing knowledge and facilitating communication between scientists in various fields. A function decomposition tree is such a representation, but domain scientists face difficulty in…
Alfredo Ibias, Hector Antona, Guillem Ramirez-Miranda, Enric Guinovart + 1 more
'Enric Guinovart' 'Eduard Alarcón'] Abstract—Cognitive Architectures are the forefront of the research into developing an artificial cognition. However, they approach the problem from a separated memory and program model of computation. This model of computation poses a fundamental problem: the knowledge retrieval…
Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Danyal Farsani, Adriana Breda
This article discusses the cognitive process of transforming one representation of mathematical entities into another representation. This process, which has been called mathematical metaphor, allows us to understand and embody a difficult-to-understand mathematical entity in terms of an easy-to-understand entity. When…
Miguel-Angel Mendez Lucero, Rafael-Michael Karampatsis, Enrique Bojorquez Gallardo, Vaishak Belle
In a seminal book, Minsky and Papert define the perceptron as a limited implementation of what they called “parallel machines.” They showed that some binary Boolean functions including XOR are not definable in a single layer perceptron due to its limited capacity to learn only linearly separable functions. In this…
Bruno Bentzen
Frege never explicitly advocated a doctrine of types like Russell, but a naive type theory can be found in his concept-script in his 1893 Grundgesetze der Arithmetik. Frege did not endorse a semantic account of typing, unlike most type theorists who use different types for booleans, natural numbers, products, etc. His…
Nicholas Shea
Research on concepts has focused on categorization. Categorization starts with a stimulus. Equally important are episodes that start with a thought. We engage in thinking to draw out new consequences from stored information, or to work out how to act. Each of the concepts out of which thought is constructed provides…
Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Fabian Roger, Robert Bagchi
In ecology, multifunctionality measures the simultaneous provision of multiple ecosystem functions. If species diversity describes the variety of species that together build the ecosystem, multifunctionality attempts to describe the variety of functions these species perform. A range of methods have been proposed to…
Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Danyal Farsani, Zahra Eskandari, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
'Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos'] This article discusses perspective and frame of reference in the metaphorical description of mathematical concepts in terms of motions, gestures, and embodied actions. When a mathematical concept is described metaphorically in terms of gestures, embodied actions, or fictive motions, the…
Sandra Hervías-Parejo, Mar Cuevas-Blanco, Lucas Lacasa, Anna Traveset + 6 more
Understanding how biotic interactions affect ecosystem functioning has been a research priority in natural sciences due to their critical role in bolstering ecological resilience^1–3^. Yet, traditional assessment of ecological complexity typically focus on species-species effective interactions that mediate a…
Devin Setiawan, Sumaiya Shomaji, Joaquín Goñi, Arian Ashourvan
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in predicting brain functional connectivity (FC) from structural connectivity (SC), yet their “black-box” nature limits interpretability and scientific utility. We present a concept-driven disentanglement framework that builds inherently interpretable…
Judith Schmidt, Lilli Wollermann, Stephan Abele, Romy Müller + 1 more
Solving problems in a technical system usually requires people to understand its functioning on different levels of abstraction (i.e., goals, functions, components, characteristics) that are connected via means-ends links. We combined this abstraction hierarchy with concept mapping to assess people’s understanding of…
Tom W. N. Walker, Franziska Schrodt, Pierre-Marie Allard, Emmanuel Defossez + 27 more
The metabolome is the biochemical basis of plant form and function, but we know little about its macroecological variation across the plant kingdom. Here, we used the plant functional trait concept to interpret leaf metabolome variation among 457 tropical and 339 temperate plant species. Distilling metabolite chemistry…
Michael Hutcheon, Andrew Teale
Algorithms are presented for performing a topological analysis of an arbitrary function, evaluated on an arbitrary grid of points. These algorithms work strictly by post-processing the data and require no additional function evaluations. This is achieved by connecting the grid points with a neighbourhood graph…
Carlos P. Carmona, Nicola Pavanetto, Giacomo Puglielli
Functional trait space analyses are pivotal to define species’ ecological strategies across the tree of life. Yet, there is no single application that streamlines the many sometimes-troublesome steps needed to build and analyze functional trait spaces. To fill this gap, we propose funspace, an R package to easily…