22 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
José Hernández-Orallo, Bao Sheng Loe, Lucy Cheke, Fernando Martínez-Plumed + 1 more
'Fernando Martínez-Plumed' 'Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh'] Success in all sorts of situations is the most classical interpretation of general intelligence. Under limited resources, however, the capability of an agent must necessarily be limited too, and generality needs to be understood as comprehensive performance up to a…
Christina Stammen, Christoph Fraenz, Rachael G. Grazioplene, Caroline Schlüter + 5 more
Early research on the neural correlates of human intelligence was almost exclusively focused on gray matter properties. The advent of diffusion-weighted imaging led to an exponential growth of white matter brain imaging studies. However, this line of research has yielded mixed observations, especially about the…
LaTasha R. Holden, Sara A. Hart
In the US, undeniable evidence shows that socioeconomic inequities explain a high proportion of individual differences in school achievement. Although not all countries show this same effect due to socioeconomic status, it is consistently found that social inequities lead to achievement gaps. These achievement gaps…
Ben Goertzel
A moderately detailed consideration of interactive LLMs as cognitive systems is given, focusing on LLMs circa mid-2023 such as ChatGPT, GPT-4, Bard, Llama, etc.. Cognitive strengths of these systems are reviewed, and then careful attention is paid to the substantial differences between the sort of cognitive system…
Fares Fourati
Recent approaches to evaluating Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) typically summarize a system's capability using the arithmetic mean of its proficiencies across multiple cognitive domains. While simple, this implicitly assumes compensability: exceptional performance in some areas can offset severe deficiencies in…
Johanna L. Popp, Jonas A. Thiele, Joshua Faskowitz, Caio Seguin + 2 more
Intelligence is a broad mental capability influencing human performance across tasks. Individual differences in intelligence have been linked to characteristics of structural and functional brain networks. Here, we consider their alignment, the structural-functional brain network coupling (SC-FC coupling) during…
Erhan Genç, Dorothea Metzen, Christoph Fraenz, Caroline Schlüter + 7 more
Intelligence is highly heritable. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that thousands of alleles contribute to variation in intelligence with small effect sizes. Polygenic scores (PGS), which combine these effects into one genetic summary measure, are increasingly used to investigate polygenic effects in…
Luke I. Rowe, John Hattie, John Munro, Iftikhar Ahmed Khan
In 1905 Alfred Binet and Theordore Simon developed the world’s first standardized intelligence test, the Binet-Simon Scale . It was Charles Spearman, however, who significantly advanced our theoretical understanding of intelligence. Spearman introduced the concept of a general intelligence factor, commonly referred to…
Christina Stammen, Javier Schneider Penate, Dorothea Metzen, Maurice J. Hönscher + 5 more
White matter is fundamental for efficient and accurate information transfer throughout the human brain and thus crucial for intelligence. Previous studies often demonstrated associations between fractional anisotropy (FA) as a metric of white matter “microstructural integrity” and intelligence, but it is still unclear…
R.M. Tenderra, S. Theves
Psychometric research on intelligence consistently identifies latent factors underlying performance correlations across cognitive tasks, with one general factor (g) explaining most variance and predicting general life outcomes. Their biological basis is yet unresolved, in particular with regard to the neural…
Jonas A. Thiele, Joshua Faskowitz, Olaf Sporns, Kirsten Hilger
A growing body of research predicts individual cognitive ability from brain characteristics including functional brain connectivity. Most of this research aims for high prediction performances but lacks insight into neurobiological processes underlying the predicted concepts. Here, we encourage designing predictive…
Johan Lind, Vera Vinken
The general process- and adaptive specialization hypotheses represent two contrasting explanations for understanding intelligence in non-human animals. The general process hypothesis proposes that associative learning underlies all learning, whereas the adaptive specialization hypothesis suggests additional distinct…
Yutao Yue
The symbolism, connectionism and behaviorism approaches of artificial intelligence have achieved a lot of successes in various tasks, while we still do not have a clear definition of "intelligence" with enough consensus in the community (although there are over 70 different "versions" of definitions). The nature of…
Khanh Gia Bui
Within the limited scope of this paper, we argue that artificial general intelligence cannot emerge from current neural network paradigms regardless of scale, nor is such an approach healthy for the field at present. Drawing on various notions, discussions, present-day developments and observations, current debates and…
Robert J. Sternberg
This article explores the advantages of viewing intelligence not as a fixed trait residing within an individual, but rather as a person × task × situation interaction. The emphasis in the article is on the role of persons solving tasks embedded in situations involving learning, intellectual abilities, and competencies.…
Tiago Buatim Nion Da Silveira, Heitor Silvério Lopes
This paper aims to address the divergences and contradictions in the definition of intelligence across different areas of knowledge, particularly in computational intelligence and psychology, where the concept is of significant interest. Despite the differences in motivation and approach, both fields have contributed…
Michael Hochberg
Intelligence is a human construct to represent the ability to achieve goals. Given this wide berth, intelligence has been defined countless times, studied in a variety of ways and represented using numerous measures. Understanding intelligence ultimately requires theory and quantification, both of which have proved…
Emmanuel M. Pothos, Dominic Widdows
Human achievement, whether in culture, science, or technology, is unparalleled in the known existence. This achievement is tied to the enormous communities of knowledge, made possible by language: leaving theological content aside, it is very much true that '᾿Εν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος' (in the beginning was the word), and…
Robert J. Sternberg, Xiaochun Xie
This essay questions the framing of socioemotional development as a separate concomitant of cognitive development in gifted individuals. Rather, it argues, first, that socioemotional development of the gifted is not separate from giftedness. Second, socioemotional development is not even cleanly and clearly separable…
Kan Hatakeyama-Sato, Naoki Yamane, Yasuhiko Igarashi, Yuta Nabae + 1 more
This paper evaluates the capabilities and limitations of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) in chemical research. Although GPT-4 exhibits remarkable proficiencies, it is evident that the quality of input data significantly affects its performance. We explore GPT-4's potential in chemical tasks, such as…
Authors not listed
Step-by-step thinking is essential in all domains of chemical sciences and engineering. While machine learning tools are broadly used, algorithms that automate reasoning are far less common. We elaborate on seven categories of human reasoning activities and connect each to applications in chemical science and…
Authors not listed
The value of generative artificial intelligence (AI) for teaching and learning is currently hotly debated. Concerns regarding the accuracy of information produced by generative AI as well as student over-reliance on this tool coexist with excitement about tailored opportunities that AI may provide for educational…