28 papers · ranked by Valyu relevance
Christopher H. Chandler, Sudarshan Chari, Ian Dworkin
| 1 | Does your gene need a background check? How genetic background impacts the | | --- | --- | | 2 | analysis of mutations, genes, and evolution | | 3 | | | 4 | | | 5 | Author list: Christopher H. Chandler1,2 , Sudarshan Chari1 and Ian Dworkin1* | | 6 | * Author for correspondence, Email: idworkin@msu.edu | | 7 | | |…
Mauno Vihinen, Hirokazu Takahashi
Genetic variation has been widely covered in literature, however, not from the perspective of an individual in any species. Here, a synthesis of genetic concepts and variations relevant for individual genetic constitution is provided. All the different levels of genetic information and variation are covered, ranging…
Ilse Krätschmer, Matthew R. Robinson
An individual’s phenotype reflects a complex interplay of the direct effects of their DNA, epigenetic modifications of their DNA induced by their parents, and indirect effects of their parents’ DNA. Here, we present theory that shows there is a greater degree of potential confounding between direct, epigenetic…
Arbel Harpak, Molly Przeworski
The selection pressures that have shaped the evolution of complex traits in humans remain largely unknown, and in some contexts highly contentious, perhaps above all where they concern mean trait differences among groups. To date, the discussion has focused on whether such group differences have any genetic basis, and…
Stephen Hsu
How do genes affect cognitive ability or other human quantitative traits such as height or disease risk? Progress on this challenging question is likely to be significant in the near future. I begin with a brief review of psychometric measurements of intelligence, introducing the idea of a "general factor" or g score.…
Roy Moh Lik Ang, Shi-An Anderson Chen, Alexander F. Kern, Yihua Xie + 1 more
Genetic interactions occur when a variant’s phenotypic effect is altered by variation at other genomic loci. Also known as epistasis, these interactions shape the genetic architecture of complex traits and modify phenotypes across genetic backgrounds. However, the factors associated with their occurrence remain poorly…
Bettina Welz, Saul Pierotti, Tomas Fitzgerald, Thomas Thumberger + 11 more
Phenotypic variation arises from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. However, disentangling these interactions for complex traits remains challenging in observational cohorts such as human biobanks. Instead, model organisms where genetic and environmental variation can be controlled offer a…
Randi R. Avery, Mahlon A. Collins, Frank W. Albert
In genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE), the effect of a genetic variant on a trait depends on the environment. GxE influences numerous organismal traits across eukaryotic life. However, we have a limited understanding of how GxE shapes the molecular processes that give rise to organismal traits. Here, we…
Rodrigo Gularte-Mérida, Carole Charlier, Michel Georges
Transgenerational genetic effects are defined as the effects of untransmitted parental alleles on the phenotype of their offspring. Well-known transgenerational genetic effects, in humans and other mammals, are the effects of a parental genotype on the nurturing ability of the parents, coined “genetic nurture”.…
James J. Lee, Carson C. Chow
In order to formulate the Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection, Fisher defined the average excess and average effect of a gene substitution. Finding these notions to be somewhat opaque, some authors have recommended reformulating Fisher's ideas in terms of covariance and regression, which are classical concepts of…
A. Tomar, R. Teperino
Thought to be directly and uniquely dependent from genotypes, the ontogeny of individual phenotypes is much more complicated. Individual genetics, environmental exposures, and their interaction are the three main determinants of individual’s phenotype. This picture has been further complicated a decade ago when the…
Christina L. Miller, Derek Sun, Lauren H. Thornton, Katrina McGuigan
The contribution of new mutations to phenotypic variation, and the consequences of this variation for individual fitness, are fundamental concepts for understanding genetic variation and adaptation. Here, we investigated how mutation influenced variation in a complex trait in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Typical of many…
V.A. Stepanov
This review discusses the progress of ethnic genetics, the genetics of common diseases, and the concepts of personalized medicine. We show the relationship between the structure of genetic diversity in human populations and the varying frequencies of Mendelian and multifactor diseases. We also examine the population…
Gen Xu, Xuerong Yang, Mingyue Zhang, Congbin Kang + 7 more
Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is a key phenomenon in genetics research and agricultural production, and has been primarily attributed to non-additive genetic effects such as dominance — a prevailing consensus shaped by decades of empirical research and theoretical debate. Although dominance may arguably arise from distal…
Rebecca Kingdom, Caroline F. Wright
The same genetic variant found in different individuals can cause a range of diverse phenotypes, from no discernible clinical phenotype to severe disease, even among related individuals. Such variants can be said to display incomplete penetrance, a binary phenomenon where the genotype either causes the expected…
Rita Dias Pereira, Pietro Biroli, T. J. Galama, Stephanie von Hinke + 3 more
'Hans van Kippersluis' 'Cornelius A. Rietveld' 'Kevin Thom'] Nature (one's genes) and nurture (one's environment) jointly contribute to the formation and evolution of health and human capital over the life cycle. This complex interplay between genes and environment can be estimated and quantified using genetic…
Nina J. Beelen, Jitendra Vohra, Job A.J. Verdonschot
Genetic counselling and testing is a fast growing field in modern medicine. Genetic analysis can aid in the diagnosis, treatment, management and prevention of (genetic) diseases in patients. This review provides an overview of the fundamental principles of genetics from a clinical perspective, focusing on the practical…
Ying Chen Eyre‐Walker, Adam Eyre‐Walker
We have investigated the role that the mutation rate and the structure of genetic variation at a locus play in determining whether a gene is involved in disease. We predict that the mutation rate and its genetic diversity should be higher in genes associated with disease, unless all genes that could cause disease have…
Diethard Tautz, Luisa F Pallares, Leif Andersson, Neda Barghi + 20 more
The long-standing notion that genotypes map to phenotypes through simple one gene-one trait relationships continues to shape both research in the life sciences and public understanding, with implications for policy and funding priorities. Yet this paradigm is increasingly recognized as inadequate for explaining…
Authors not listed
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have revolutionized the field of reproductive medicine, offering hope to millions of individuals and couples facing fertility problems. From artificial insemination to cutting-edge gene editing techniques, ART enhances reproductive efficiency, transforming the landscape of…
Susan Strome, Needhi Bhalla, Rohinton Kamakaka, Upasna Sharma + 2 more
'William Sullivan' 'D Greenstein'] Title: Abstract Gregor Mendel developed the principles of segregation and independent assortment in the mid-1800s based on his detailed analysis of several traits in pea plants. Those principles, now called Mendel's laws, in fact, explain the behavior of genes and alleles during…
Emma L. Berdan, Alexandre Blanckaert, Tanja Slotte, Alexander Suh + 2 more
'Anja M. Westram' 'Inês Fragata'] - 1. Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden SE-10691 - 2. Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 - 3. School of Biological Sciences Organisms and the Environment…
Olufunke Olugbenga, Joy Okpuzor
A total of 35 female albino rats were divided into 7 groups: control, rats exposed to carcinogen, treated with varying concentrations of Senna alata plant aqueous extracts, treated with standard drug, and untreated for total 28 days of treatment.. Freshly prepared 3 fractionated doses of 50mg/kg N-Nitroso-N-ethyl urea…
Alexander Apostle, Yipeng Yin, Komal Chillar, Adikari M. D. N. Eriyagama + 4 more
Like other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 causes different symptoms and different degrees of harmfulness to different individuals. Potential reasons include an individual's viral dose exposure, the affinity of an individual's ACE2 to the spike protein of the virus, and the ability of the individual's induced immune system to…
Authors not listed
The WRN helicase has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target for microsatellite instability (MSI)-high cancers. Here, we report LXW-P1, a potent WRN degrader derived from marine bromotyrosine alkaloids. Its molecular target was identified using an AI-guided, pathway-informed perturbation transcriptomics…
Rumiana Tenchov, Janet Sasso, Xinmei Wang, Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
Aging is a dynamic, time-dependent process characterized by a gradual accumulation of cell damage. Continual functional decline in the intrinsic ability of living organisms to accurately regulate homeostasis leads to increased susceptibility and vulnerability to diseases. Anti-aging research has a long history…
Authors not listed
In this report, we examine the extensive research landscape of CRISPR with an emphasis on CRISPR therapeutics and showcase our results from an in-depth analysis of the most up-to-date scientific information consisting of more than 53,000 publications encompassing academic journal articles and patents, spanning nearly…
Authors not listed
Molecular mechanisms governing initiation steps of the assembly of thousands of endogenous multi-protein complexes (EMCs) remain incompletely understood. Here, multiple lines of observations are reported reflecting the biological functions-aligned initiation sequence of hybrid assembly pathways (HAPs) of EMCs. HAPs…